Earth and Environmental Sciences

Ground subsidence in abandoned gypsum mines represents a typical geological hazard in evaporite regions, posing a direct threat to infrastructure and public safety. This study investigates a collapse-induced seismic event (M L 3.4) that occurred on 8 March 2025, in an abandoned gypsum mine in Hunan Province, China. The primary objective is to propose a multi-scale conceptual model for this stratal instability. To achieve this, an integrated approach was employed: high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry was applied to map surface deformation, transient electromagnetic method (TEM) surveys were conducted to image subsurface structures, and microseismic monitoring was deployed to track dynamic instability processes. The application of these methods yielded several key findings: UAV-derived orthomosaics delineated a collapse-affected area of ∼75,000 m 2 , featuring ground cracks, subsidence ponds, and structural damage to buildings. TEM inversion imaging revealed prominent low-resistivity anomalies corresponding to water-saturated fracture zones, which contrast sharply with the high-resistivity host gypsum layers. These anomalies are inferred to act as primary conduits facilitating persistent water infiltration from the surface. Microseismic monitoring (>200 events) revealed that seismic sources were predominantly concentrated at the basal level of the mined-out zone and along collapse-induced fractures, with the highest event density spatially correlated with the surface drainage channel. Integrated analysis of the survey indicates that while long-term gravitational stress provided the background loading, rainfall infiltration and surface water flow significantly accelerated the mechanical weakening of the fault slip planes. This spatial convergence supports an evidence-based conceptual model wherein hydro-structural coupling reduced the effective shear strength of the structural planes, acting as the primary trigger for the final collapse. The integrated multi-source framework provides a reproducible methodology for goaf stability assessment and hazard mitigation in similar geological settings.

Abstract The circular economy (CE) is widely viewed as a key global lever for sustainable resource use. However, CE conceptualizations have focused mostly on high resource use in the Global North, largely neglecting the drivers, solutions and enablers of circularity in the socio-economic contexts of the Global South. Here, based on a systematic review of 183 peer-reviewed articles, we assess how CE manifests in the Global South. We find circular solutions to be considerably more bottom-up, centring around community-level and often informal practices rather than the top-down, policy and industrially driven activities that dominate the Global North-informed CE literature. CE motivations similarly differ, being primarily rooted in socio-economic needs and cultural practices rather than environmental concerns. Finally, CE enablers are often based on socially and technically adaptive approaches rather than technological innovation. These differences reveal that inclusive circular pathways for sustainable development depend strongly on context, suggesting the need for more flexible and empirically grounded CE concepts.

Abstract Current ecological risk assessments often rely on spherical reference particles, potentially misrepresenting the behavior of abundant fibrous nanoplastics. Using upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) labeling and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we quantified the fate of size-matched spherical polystyrene (PS) and fibrous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanoplastics in an estuarine mesocosm. Distinct particle attributes─driven by the synergistic interplay of geometric morphology and polymer intrinsic density─altered environmental partitioning: spherical PS exhibited repeated settling–resuspension cycling, whereas fibrous PAN rapidly accumulated in surface sediments (94% aqueous removal within 12 h). This physical divergence shifted bioaccumulation patterns across trophic levels. Lower trophic organisms (Zostera asiatica, Crassostrea gigas, Rapana venosa) accumulated PS in proportion to water-column availability. Conversely, the demersal fish Sebastes schlegelii exhibited higher burdens of fibrous PAN despite lower aqueous concentrations. Time-gated imaging revealed stronger PAN-associated signals in hepatic tissues, consistent with morphology-enhanced tissue retention in benthic vertebrates. These results indicate that spherical models may underestimate microfiber risks in benthic food webs, highlighting the need to incorporate shape-specific partitioning and retention factors into nanoplastics risk assessments.

ABSTRACT Small-scale distribution of fiddler crabs was investigated at a site on Pulau Kaledupa, Indonesia (5°29.8'S,123°45.4'E), where all eleven species known from the 1740 km coastline of the province of Sulawesi Tenggara inhabit one small 0.15 ha intertidal mudflat, there coexisting with four species of ecologically-equivalent macrophthalmid crabs. Fiddler crab abundance across the site was clumped, but their species density was randomly distributed. The mudflat site exhibits not only unusually high sympatry but also extreme fiddler crab syntopy, with up to seven species occurring together within areas of just 2 m 2 . The various fiddler species tended to partition the site in respect of the presence/absence of shade (mostly human created), but otherwise the unprecedented degree of syntopy was precisely that expected by chance if, granted their overall frequencies of occurrence, the available species were distributed independently of each other. Such random assortment indicates minimal ecological interaction between species and little subdivision of the habitat. At a mean 11 individuals m -2 (maximum 27 m -2 ), observed population density was very low, most likely under top-down control including as a result of human disturbance, the mudflat being in a busy village serving as a ferry port, local market and administrative centre. Overall, the level of sympatry seems largely a consequence of biogeography and that of syntopy one of low crab density permitting random species assortment.

The search and discovery of underwater shipwreck sites represent the most arduous and critical phases of underwater archaeology. Wooden shipwrecks, in particular, are characterized by low acoustic impedance contrast and weak magnetic anomalies, coupled with their limited physical dimensions. Consequently, they predominantly exist as shallow-buried, discontinuous small targets scattered within confined areas, making their detection exceptionally challenging. Furthermore, the complexity of the submarine environment—including rugged topography, turbid water columns, and strong currents—poses formidable obstacles to the effective detection of these archaeological remains. Single geophysical methods are often limited by insufficient imaging resolution, interpretation ambiguity, and geological noise, making precise localization and characterization difficult. Focusing on the Nan’ao I Ming Dynasty shipwreck located in waters approximately 24 m deep off the coast of Nan’ao, Guangdong Province, China, this study proposes and validates an “acoustic-magnetic” multi-source data integration detection method. This approach systematically integrates high-resolution multibeam echo sounding (MBES), side-scan sonar (SSS), sub-bottom profiling (SBP), and marine magnetic data to establish a comprehensive framework for identification and integration analysis. The results indicate that the MBES bathymetric data reveal a regular, elongated structure oriented north–south (approximately 34 m × 12 m), closely matching the main hull and deck configuration. The SSS imagery exhibited high backscatter intensity and parallel linear textures, effectively delineating the hard shipwreck structure and the associated rigid protective frame employed for in situ preservation. SBP data confirmed the semi-buried state of the shipwreck (burial depth of approximately 0.6 m). Spatial variations in sediment thickness around the site suggested ongoing modification by strong hydrodynamic processes. Marine magnetic surveys identified localized negative anomalies (−210 nT relative to the ambient magnetic field), contrasting sharply with the positive anomalies of the surrounding natural reefs, thereby indicating an artificial ferromagnetic source. The spatial registration and feature superposition of multi-source data facilitated the characterization of the shipwreck, demonstrating its potential to mitigate environmental interference and enhance detection reliability in this complex environment. Using the Nan’ao I shipwreck site as a case study, this study provides a detailed characterization of the site’s 3D morphology, burial state, and physical properties. The proposed methodology offers a practical and robust technical solution for underwater shipwreck archaeology in complex nearshore environments, providing significant implications for proactive discovery, efficient investigation, and protection of underwater cultural heritage (UCH).

The Sinian Dengying Formation in the western Deyang-Anyue Rift Trough is a key target for deep carbonate gas exploration, yet its reservoir controls remain debated. Integrating core, thin-section, and geochemical data, this study clarifies the coupled mechanisms governing reservoir development. Results reveal that reservoirs predominantly occur in platform-margin and high-energy shoal facies, with pore systems comprising intercrystalline, dissolution, and fracture pores. Primary porosity is largely obliterated by deep-burial compaction and cementation, yielding an overall low-porosity, low-permeability matrix. However, structurally influenced platform-margin exposure zones and fracture-affected mound–shoal bodies outside strongly cemented fault cores locally contain higher-quality reservoirs because of dissolution and fracture-enhanced connectivity. Vertically, reservoirs are zoned: tight lower intervals transition upward into dissolution-enhanced, comparatively porous middle-upper sections. Critically, reservoir evolution is dictated by a “sedimentation–diagenesis–tectonics” coupling: sedimentary architecture and thickness define macroscopic reservoir distribution; compaction and cementation induce densification, while dissolution and fracturing create secondary pore-fracture networks. Hydrothermal activity superimposes a “dissolution-filling alternation,” drastically intensifying heterogeneity. This multi-scale, multi-stage coupling ultimately controls the pronounced spatial variability of the Dengying Formation reservoirs and provides a geological framework for screening favorable targets in deeply buried carbonate successions.

Traditional rural landscape evaluations have generally relied on ground-level photographs or videos. However, these approaches have limitations in spatial continuity, depth cues, and interactivity. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and immersive virtual reality (VR) were integrated into a comparative rural landscape evaluation framework to assess landscape aesthetic quality. UAV-derived 3D village models were generated and deployed on PICO 4 headsets through Unity 3D and the Cesium plugin, providing evaluators with spatially continuous and 6DoF-enabled immersive representations of village scenes. The evaluation included ten landscape feature factors, including color harmony, vegetation richness, building layout harmony, openness of view, and sense of spatial depth. Ratings were collected from 75 valid participants across 17 villages, with village-level mean scores serving as the primary unit of inference. Paired-samples t-tests, subgroup sensitivity analysis, expert-only presentation-order sensitivity analysis, Pearson correlations, Steiger tests for dependent correlations, stepwise multiple linear regression, nested leave-one-village-out cross-validation (LOOCV), and bootstrap variable-selection stability analysis were conducted to examine differences between the 2D photo-based and VR-based conditions. The results showed that: (1) overall satisfaction was significantly higher in the VR-based condition than in the 2D photo-based condition (3.46 vs. 3.24); (2) the condition-specific regression models retained different landscape feature factors: sense of spatial depth and color harmony in the 2D photo-based model, and vegetation distribution pattern and environmental comfort in the VR-based model; and (3) the VR-based regression model had a higher condition-specific internal R2 than the 2D photo-based model (R2=0.784 vs. 0.569). Within the present dataset, the VR-based model also showed lower SD-normalized prediction error under nested LOOCV, while bootstrap resampling showed higher selection frequencies for the predictors retained in the VR-based model. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of UAV-derived immersive VR for rural landscape evaluation and provide new evidence on how presentation conditions influence landscape perception and evaluation.

Abstract Previous studies in Pennsylvania identified localized “hotspots” of elevated salinity (Cl–, Ba2+, Sr2+) in shallow groundwater thought to be associated with unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations. Because produced water generated during UOG operations is both highly saline and enriched in radium, accidental releases could increase groundwater salinity and radium activity. Elevated salinity from other sources such as road salt or septic tanks could also release radium from aquifer solids through cation exchange. Therefore, we measured combined radium activity (226+228Ra) in shallow groundwater (n = 91) and tested for associations with UOG wells, historical surface impoundments, or reported spills within 1, 3, or 5 km. All samples were below U.S. EPA maximum contaminant levels [0.185 Bq/L (5 pCi/L)] and consistent with regional background values. Radium activities were statistically greater within 3 km of spills and impoundments and correlated positively with the density of UOG wells within 3 km. Although radium correlated with Cl–, Ba2+, and Sr2+, other geochemical indicators, Na/Cl, Cl/Br, and 228/226Ra, indicate that radium was likely not directly derived from UOG fluids. Only six samples were consistent with produced water mixing with shallow groundwater. Instead, most of the salinity was primarily attributed to shallow sources that released matrix-bound radium.

Abstract More than 60 million people in the United States and Canada rely on private drinking water systems (mostly private wells), which fall outside of national regulations for water quality and management. This decentralized infrastructure creates unique challenges. First, fragmented policy oversight leads to inconsistent data availability. Second, population heterogeneity in well users requires accounting for the social determinants of health and behavioral differences. Additionally, the individualized nature of well management creates persistent gaps between knowledge generation and the protective action. A broad goal of private well research is to (1) understand, predict, and prevent potential health problems related to well water consumption and (2) enable individual and collective action to reduce exposures to contaminants in well water. Here, we propose a conceptual model to advance private well research through a transdisciplinary approach that links water sources to health and prioritizes engagement among researchers, communities, and decision makers. We also identify challenges and opportunities aimed at improving data systems, refining hazard and risk assessments, linking interdisciplinary research and practical knowledge, and sustaining long-term partnerships. While our geographic focus is on North America, the principles and strategies outlined are globally relevant to addressing health risks associated with unregulated private drinking water sources.

To improve the contour quality of smooth blasting in rock tunnels, a comprehensive study was conducted on the initiation behavior of emulsion explosives subjected to axial shaped-charge jet impact under different charging configurations, confinement conditions, and charge spacings through model experiments, numerical simulations, and field investigations. The results indicate that: (1) the axial shaped-charge charging structure significantly enhances the stability of jet-induced initiation, while stronger confinement conditions and shorter charge spacings further improve initiation reliability. Under surrounding-rock confinement, interval charging based on axial shaped-charge liners can achieve reliable detonation transfer between explosive segments; however, the charge spacing must be maintained within an appropriate range. (2) Charge spacing is the dominant factor controlling stable detonation transfer. As the spacing increased from 10 cm to 75 cm, the jet-tip pressure decreased from 3.84 GPa to 0.85 GPa, accompanied by an increase in the critical penetration depth required to establish stable detonation in the acceptor explosive. (3) A novel shaped-charge tube–liner charging structure integrating axial detonation transfer and radial directional rock fragmentation was developed. Compared with the conventional continuous charging structure, the maximum overbreak and underbreak were reduced from 33.7 cm to 9.6 cm, while the maximum damage depth of the surrounding rock decreased from 0.94 m to 0.65 m. These improvements effectively enhanced contour control and minimized blast-induced rock damage, thereby significantly improving the smooth-blasting performance of tunnel excavation. The proposed charging structure provides a promising approach for achieving precise contour control and damage reduction in underground rock engineering.

Abstract The redox activity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in natural and engineering aquatic systems. Although phenolic moieties are typically recognized as the dominant electron-donating moieties (EDM) in naturally occurring DOM (NOM), the chemical nature and reactivity of EDM in wastewater-derived DOM (EfOM), remain poorly understood. In this study, a kinetic categorizing framework was developed for resolving the composition of EDM within DOM by using the second-order rate constants for the reactions of the radical cation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) (kapp, ABTS•+) with DOM isolates and a suite of model electron-donating compounds. Our results reveal that NOM contains a larger fraction of rapidly reacting ABTS•+ reducible components with kapp, ABTS•+ > 1 × 103 M–1 s–1, accounting for more than 50% of the total EDM. In contrast, EDM in EfOM mainly consist of antioxidants with relatively low redox activity (kapp, ABTS•+ < 10 M–1 s–1), accounting for 70% of the total EDM. Combining kinetic categorization and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis, the results suggest that EDM in EfOM are associated with nitrogen- and/or sulfur-containing heteroatom compounds. This novel method has important implications for understanding the aquatic redox chemistry of DOM and developing source-adaptive water oxidative treatment strategies in engineering systems.

Abstract While carbon-based cathodes are widely used to mediate the electrochemical reduction of contaminants, the structural properties governing their rapid electron transfer remain poorly understood. Here, we decouple the roles of bulk conductivity and surface reactivity by quantifying the size of aromatic clusters and oxygen functional groups (OFGs) in biomass-derived cathodes. We demonstrate fundamental governing principles using tetrabromobenzene as the probe pollutant. We find that while increasing pyrolysis temperature drives the growth of aromatic clusters and increases dehalogenation performance (e.g., plateauing at 850 °C with a cluster size of ∼14 aromatic rings), these conductive networks are inert in the absence of OFGs. Introducing OFGs onto these clusters increases electron transfer efficiency by 50–85%, whereas selectively reducing these groups decreases activity by up to 75%. The optimized cathodes exhibit capacities that surpass those of commercial activated carbon and rival those of carbon black, providing a rational blueprint for designing high-efficiency carbon electrodes and enabling improved performance across a range of applications.

Local physicochemical variability in small post-extraction gravel pit lakes is often difficult to interpret because water chemistry may reflect both seasonal dynamics and highly local shoreline conditions. This study assessed spatial and temporal patterns in selected physicochemical parameters of near-surface water at eight fixed littoral sampling points representing contrasting riparian and land-use settings in two gravel pit lakes within the Międzyrzeckie Jeziorka lake complex near Międzyrzec Podlaski, eastern Poland. Surface-water monitoring was conducted from 9 November 2024 to 23 September 2025. The analytical dataset covered total organic carbon, inorganic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen and laboratory-measured pH. The strongest and most consistent changes occurred between sampling dates in both lakes. Differences among fixed points were limited; total nitrogen differed between two points in Gravel pit lake no. 1, while the other parameters showed no date-adjusted point-level pattern over the monitored period. Mean total organic carbon and total carbon concentrations were similar in the two lakes, whereas Gravel pit lake no. 1 showed higher maximum values for most parameters and greater variability in selected carbon and nitrogen fractions. Laboratory-measured pH was generally weakly acidic to near-neutral, and the lowest observations occurred during individual campaigns. The findings show pronounced temporal dynamics and a restricted spatial signal in the monitored littoral zones. Repeated fixed-point sampling provided a clear basis for comparing temporal changes and local differences in these post-extraction lakes. These inferences are restricted to the monitored near-surface physicochemical variables.

Abstract Understanding differences in drug-specific carbon footprints across countries is increasingly important as healthcare sustainability and product-level reporting gain prominence in regulatory initiatives, such as digital product passports, yet such estimates remain largely unavailable due to sparse drug-level data. Here, we develop a hybrid life cycle assessment framework that enables quantification of drug-specific carbon footprints across regions under real-world data constraints. It combines drug-level life cycle inventory with international consumption and trade statistics and embeds a structured uncertainty assessment to evaluate key data gaps and modeling choices through robustness tests. We demonstrate its application using narrower-spectrum penicillin. We estimate that its global consumption in 2019 was associated with about 90 kt CO2e. Although modest in magnitude, the footprint’s geographic distribution differs markedly from that of aggregated pharmaceuticals, showing that sector-level accounting can mask substantial cross-country heterogeneity. Across alternative assumptions, global totals vary by less than 30%, and country rankings remain largely stable, indicating that the observed patterns reflect structural differences in consumption and sourcing rather than artifacts of specific modeling choices. This framework offers a transparent pathway for drug-level carbon accounting under data scarcity and identifies data and methodological priorities to support future reporting, procurement, and decarbonization efforts in the pharmaceutical sector.

Abstract Metazachlor is a globally relevant chloroacetamide herbicide that undergoes microbial biotransformation in the environment, but its transformation by human gut microbiota has not been described. Here, we characterized metazachlor metabolism by human gut microbiota and assessed potential toxicological risks presented by its metabolites. Human fecal microbial communities exposed to metazachlor resulted in 5 known and 17 previously unreported metabolites of metazachlor being identified. Key metabolites were synthesized, and the resulting reference standards were used to confirm structures and elucidate the multistep biotransformation pathway. Cytotoxicity of key metabolites was characterized using human gastrointestinal cell lines, and two of the tested metabolites, namely the thiol of metazachlor M2 and the cysteamine disulfide M6, were more cytotoxic to these cells than metazachlor. Additionally, we confirmed that the thiol M2 had high Caco-2 monolayer permeability, similar to metazachlor. According to physiologically based kinetic modeling of blood concentrations, fast excretion of metazachlor and metabolite levels below cytotoxicity thresholds at the acceptable daily intake level of exposure were anticipated. These findings reveal that metazachlor is extensively metabolized by the human gut microbiota to metabolites with potentially altered biological effects, suggesting their consideration in evaluating human health risks due to metazachlor exposure.

Abstract 6PPD quinone (6PPDQ) is an emerging contaminant that induces acute respiratory toxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, short-term in vivo exposure of rainbow trout to 6PPDQ resulted in substantial accumulation and limited biotransformation of 6PPDQ in the gill, accompanied by pronounced gill structural damage and increased whole-fish oxygen consumption. Taking advantage of the electrophilic reactivity of the quinone moiety of 6PPDQ toward cysteine residues, we applied activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to gill tissue. ABPP revealed marked alterations in mitochondrial cysteine reactivity and highlighted ADP/ATP translocase (ANT) as a candidate 6PPDQ-interacting mitochondrial protein. A Cys-160-containing ANT peptide within the nucleotide-binding domain of ANT was pinpointed as the covalent binding site through ABPP, Peptide-centric Local Stability Assay (PELSA), and molecular docking. Functional assays using isolated gill mitochondria showed that 6PPDQ elicited an uncoupling-like mitochondrial respiratory response that was partially attenuated by the ANT inhibitor carboxyatractyloside (CATR), supporting the functional involvement of ANT in this gill-based model. Together, these findings nominate ANT as a candidate gill mitochondrial target associated with 6PPDQ-induced acute respiratory toxicity and demonstrate the utility of chemoproteomics for prioritizing mechanistically relevant protein interactions of emerging pollutants.

Abstract The rapid proliferation of synthetic chemicals has far outpaced the ability of traditional toxicological methods, underscoring the urgent need for efficient strategies to identify bioactive contaminants. While previous approaches have contributed significantly to the discovery of bioactive chemicals, they remain limited by low efficiency and substantial operational complexity. To meet this challenge, protein affinity selection–mass spectrometry (AS-MS) uses proteins as molecular “baits” to selectively capture bioactive chemicals from environmental samples. Its integration with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) facilitates the high-throughput identification of bioactive chemicals. In this review, we summarize recent advances in AS-MS and highlight its unique strengths in uncovering novel protein targets, elucidating unexplained toxicological mechanisms, and identifying bioactive transformation products and endogenous ligands. We critically examine the key methodological bottlenecks that currently limit its broader application and propose targeted strategies to mitigate these challenges. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of machine learning (ML) in overcoming the hurdles of structural elucidation and direct transcriptional activity prediction. AS-MS integrated with ML-driven analytics holds substantial promise as a cornerstone platform for next-generation environmental bioactive chemical screening and regulatory prioritization.

Historic urban landscapes are at continuous risk of loss due to urban modernization and the demolition of built heritage. Scan-based documentation methods such as laser scanning and photogrammetry become inapplicable, leaving demolished sites undocumented and unrecoverable through existing digital heritage workflows. This study develops a documentary-based Urban Digital Twin (UDT) framework for reconstructing demolished historic urban landscapes through the integration of historical documentation, geospatial analysis, and parametric modeling within the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach. As a feasibility study, the framework reconstructs Chahar-Bagh Bala Street in Isfahan, Iran, a four-century-old promenade among the oldest urban streets in the Middle East, whose royal garden entrances, towers, water features, and promenade have been almost entirely replaced by industrial and modern structures. The methodology applies a nine-step workflow, integrating georeferencing, viewpoint reconstruction, cross-source validation, and HBIM parametric modeling, using historical maps, travel account engravings, archival photographs, and measured plans. The reconstruction confirms the historical existence and spatial locations, established through convergent visual evidence, of two lost royal garden entrances. The study further quantifies long-term historic green infrastructure loss, finding that approximately 70% of the original garden cover has been replaced. This replicable framework supports evidence-based heritage governance and sustainable urban regeneration, including the reintegration of historic green infrastructure into contemporary urban planning, particularly for rapidly transforming cities of the Global South.

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [...]

Abstract Positive future visions for cities are fundamental to transformative change in times of social polarisation against the backdrop of deep-rooted social-ecological crises. Our study examines the views and underlying values regarding desirable futures held by local planners working for the public administration in Dresden (Germany). We employed the Urban Nature Futures Framework as a heuristic to engage in pluralistic valuation of nature. Using the Q-method, we explored the subjective perspectives of 20 planners and identified three archetypes on desirable urban nature futures: the pragmatic advocate of nature’s benefits, the responsible steward of nature’s inherent worth, and the strategic navigator of nature’s diverse benefits. The identified archetypes highlight that, from the planners’ point of view, desirable urban futures are tied to a multi-layered and nuanced network of instrumental, intrinsic, and relational values. Nevertheless, our findings show that utilitarian and anthropocentric ethics continue to play a major role within a Western cultural context when valuing urban nature. Our study expands knowledge about individual inner experience of sustainable futures from a first-person perspective and demonstrates how subjective viewpoints can be used to derive collective archetypes of desirable futures. Moving forward, we outline ways to strengthen non-anthropocentric and relational approaches, such as through closer dialogue with the Global South, in order to broaden the scope of nature’s valuation and values, particularly within Western planning cultures.