Physics

ABSTRACT In the era of autonomous systems and multifunctional devices, sensors serve as vital sensory components in our Internet of Things and technologically advanced society. At the end of the synthetic 2D nanomaterials research, MXenes are not just chemicals but materials, depending on how they are synthesized for targeted applications, such as dual‐functional temperature and pressure‐sensitive wearable sensing. The current findings introduce the potential strategic role of nitrogen atoms to the Ti‐Carbonitride (Ti 3 CNT z ) structure in a controlled compositional stoichiometry of Ti 3 C 1.8 N 0.2 T z , Ti 3 C 1.5 N 0.5 T z , Ti 3 CNT z , Ti 3 C 2 T x to deliver an ultrahigh sensitivity (300%–400% temperature & pressure sensitivity enhancement) and durability in real‐time human‐machine sensing interface applications. These recorded outstanding dual‐sensing performance outplays many other MXene stoichiometries, graphene‐related 2D nanomaterials, and their associated composites. Synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray absorption fine structure and density functional theory analysis reveal that incorporating low N content (e.g., Ti 3 C 1.8 N 0.2 T z ) enhances temperature sensitivity by boosting electrical conductivity, and an upshift in the vibrational spectrum with increased lattice deformability significantly improves pressure sensitivity. We provide valuable insights for developing advanced sensing materials, emphasizing the need to investigate the fundamental mechanisms that control the interactions among layered 2D MXene materials and the sensing device functions that bridge human and machine interfaces.

ABSTRACT Aqueous zinc‐iodide (Zn‐I 2 ) batteries with low cost and high safety have been considered a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage. However, they suffer issues of instability Zn metal anode and polyiodides shuttle effect at the cathode. In this work, 3‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium bromide (APMImBr) ionic liquid was introduced as a novel electrolyte additive for simultaneously stabilizing both the anode and cathode. On the anode, AMIPm + adsorbs on the Zn surface, ensuring uniform Zn deposition, while the tuned solvation structure promotes a robust solid‐electrolyte‐interphase formation. As a result, symmetric cells exhibit significantly prolonged cycle life, operating stably for up to 2000 h at 1 mA cm −2 . Even under extreme current densities of 50 mA cm −2 and 100 mA cm −2 , the cells maintain stable cycling for 300 h and 120 h, respectively. On the cathode, the strong interaction of AMIPm + with polyiodides confines polyiodides to the cathode and suppresses its shuttle effect. Additionally, Br − activates the I − /I 0 /I + four‐electron conversion, enhancing the capacity. Consequently, the aqueous Zn‐I 2 full cells achieve a high capacity of 200 mAh g −1 at 5 A g −1 and show a high cycling stability over 14,000 cycles. Furthermore, the pouch cell also demonstrates high cycling stability under various mechanical abuse.

ABSTRACT Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are a promising post‐lithium battery, but suffer from insufficient energy density and shortened cycle life due to a lack of suitable cathode materials. Herein, a high‐voltage spinel MgMn 2 O 4 cathode with a stable and dense cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) was obtained via a multi‐step data‐driven strategy combined with an ingenious experimental design for high‐performance RMBs. In detail, computational evaluation of energy above the convex hull and electrochemical voltage windows first identified spinel MgMn 2 O 4 as a suitable Mg 2+ ‐intercalation host, and then ionic‐radius matching and electronic‐configuration considerations motivated Ni substitution at Mn sites of MgMn 2 O 4 . Finally, to demonstrate the theoretical predictions, Ni‐doped MgMn 2 O 4 nanoparticles were designed with a low‐level Ni substitution, in which the Ni incorporation stabilizes the spinel lattice while altering the surface chemical affinity of MgMn 2 O 4 , thereby shifting interfacial reactions from solvent‐dominated decomposition toward anion/additive‐driven inorganic chemistry. Consequently, the CEI evolves from a loose and organic‐rich layer into a compact and inorganic‐rich one, and this transition lowers the energetic barrier for Mg 2+ interfacial desolvation, suppresses continuous parasitic reactions, and stabilizes the cathode surface during cycling. Therefore, the designed high‐voltage cathode exhibits reversible Mg 2+ storage with outstanding cycling stability, retaining ∼150 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles at 200 mA g −1 .

ABSTRACT Urea‐assisted electrochemical water splitting offers an energy‐efficient pathway for hydrogen production; however, the inherently sluggish six‐electron reaction requires highly active electrocatalysts. Herein, a linker‐engineering strategy is introduced by partially substituting the benzene dicarboxylate (BDC) linker in NiCo‐BDC metal–organic framework (MOF) with a redox‐active dicarboxylferrocene (DFc) ligand to construct NiCo‐MOF‐DFc. The strongly coordinated DFc linker induces coordination asymmetry and effectively modulates the electronic structure with enriched Ni 3+ species and abundant oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing urea oxidation activity. The NiCo‐MOF‐DFc delivers 100 mA cm −2 at a low potential of 1.32 V and exhibits excellent durability. Operando analyses show that DFc promotes faster electron transfer, accelerates rapid reconstruction into active metal (oxy)hydroxides, and stabilizes the active sites. Density functional theory calculations further support that DFc weakens CO 2 adsorption and lowers the energy barrier of the rate‐limiting desorption step. A urea‐assisted anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer using the NiCo‐MOF‐DFc as the anodic catalyst delivers 1000 mA cm −2 at a low cell voltage of 1.83 V and maintains stable operation for 500 h. The system consumes only 48.6 kWh to produce 1 kg of H 2 , more than 10% lower energy consumption than oxygen evolution‐based electrolysis, demonstrating its strong potential for energy‐efficient H 2 production.

ABSTRACT Borophene, a promising two‐dimentional (2D) material, faces inherent challenges in structural stability that can be resolved through hydrogenation, which also opens pathways for diverse electronic applications. Given the critical role of interfacial thermal transport in miniaturized electronics, achieving effective thermal management of borophene heterostructures becomes crucial. In this work, we employ the non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics and wavepacket simulations to investigate the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) of heterostructures constructed from β 12 and χ 3 borophene in both pristine and hydrogenated forms. The results reveal a significant and selective enhancement of ITC. The hydrogenated zigzag interface exhibits an ITC approximately twice that of its pristine counterpart, with an enhancement up to 95%, while the armchair interfaces show only minimal variation. The enhanced ITC is attributed to the out‐of‐plane hydrogenation forming a strong z ‐direction bridge across the interface, which introduces a highly effective transmission channel for low‐frequency out‐of‐plane acoustic (ZA) phonon modes. Our findings quantitatively demonstrate the critical influence of interfacial atomic configuration and bonding on thermal transport and provide valuable insights for the rational design of 2D materials with optimized thermal properties for advanced micro/nano electronic applications.

ABSTRACT Nanozymes with photothermal regulation capabilities facilitate spatiotemporally controlled tumor therapy. However, the generated heat stress inevitably upregulates heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which induces thermotolerance and compromises therapeutic efficacy. To resolve this dilemma, we developed ultrathin metallic RhMo (RM) nanosheets integrating tripartite cascading functions with flexoelectric catalytic, photothermal, and multi‐enzyme properties. Accordingly, a “metabolic regulation‐synergistic killing” strategy is proposed. Initially, ultrasound‐driven flexoelectric catalysis was used as a metabolic pretreatment. By oxidizing intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ), it severs the substrate supply for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The consequent depletion of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) fundamentally inhibits ATP‐dependent HSP90 activity, thereby abrogating the thermal defense of tumors. Subsequently, under near‐infrared irradiation, RM generates localized hyperthermia, which amplifies its intrinsic peroxidase‐, oxidase‐, and catalase‐like activities. These activities trigger a massive burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from endogenous substrates. The convergence of ATP deprivation and ROS‐related oxidative stress induces severe mitochondrial damage and cytochrome C release, leading to irreversible apoptosis. This study established a controllable chemotherapy‐free paradigm that leverages flexoelectric metabolic interventions to overcome thermotolerance for efficient tumor catalytic therapy.

ABSTRACT Achieving multi‐mode photodetection within a single device is crucial for next‐generation optical communication systems, where multidimensional optical information must be efficiently and safely transmitted, processed, and encrypted. Yet, integrating multiple distinct photoresponse modes and dynamically switching between them in real‐time typically requires complex architectures or device stacking, which limits scalability and practicality. We present a simple lateral photodetector based on a single semiconductor layer directly integrated on a standard SiO 2 /Si substrate, enabling three well‐defined and light‐controllable detection modes: transient spikes, continuous square wave, and a hybrid transient‐continuous state. This multimodal behaviour emerges from the cooperative interplay of substrate‐mediated capacitive coupling, generating ultrafast spike responses (∼53 µs), and photovoltaic‐driven photoconductive transport responsible for steady‐state photocurrents. By modulating illumination intensity and wavelength, the relative contribution of these mechanisms is precisely tuned, allowing real‐time switching among three photoresponse states without altering the device structure or bias. Using this light‐programmable behaviour, we demonstrate a light‐controlled triple‐channel secure optical communication platform capable of time‐varying encryption keys and multi‐modal information encoding and decoding. This work introduces a simple but powerful device concept, multi‐mode photodetection within a single photoactive layer, marking a significant step toward compact, efficient, and intelligent optical communication technologies.

ABSTRACT Bifacial perovskite solar cells (Bi‐PSCs) have emerged as a compelling photovoltaic technology, surpassing the intrinsic energy‐yield limits of monofacial devices by harvesting both direct and reflected light. Their intrinsic advantages, including high efficiency, tunable transparency, lightweight, and compatibility with flexible substrates, position Bi‐PSCs for applications ranging from tandem architectures to building‐integrated photovoltaics and portable power systems. This review provides an overview of recent progress and persistent challenges in bringing Bi‐PSCs from laboratory proof‐of‐principal studies toward scalable module applications. Key themes include the re‐design of device architectures for dual‐sided operation, strategies to balance transparency with efficiency, stability under dual‐sided environmental exposure, and opportunities for large‐area manufacturing. We further highlight emerging approaches that may accelerate industrial adoption. By linking materials innovation with system‐level perspectives, this review outlines a roadmap for realizing high‐performance, durable, and application‐ready Bi‐PSCs.

ABSTRACT Advancing room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is pivotal for optoelectronics, yet a key challenge lies in precisely controlling exciton dynamics to boost RTP efficiency. This study presents a strategic approach to enhance RTP in 0D d 10 metal halides by engineering the inorganic units [MBr 4 ] 2– ( M ═Zn, Cd). Using a π‐conjugated ligand as organic template, we constructed a pair of isostructural hybrid bromides with 0D “host‐guest” structure, namely (PTPP) 2 MBr 4 (PTPP = Pentyltriphenylphosphonium, M ═Zn and Cd). They exhibit the cyan afterglow originating from the RTP emission of PTPP + (T 1 →S 0 ), whose efficiency and lifetime surpass those of the pristine organic chromophore due to enhanced structural rigidity. Importantly, the substitution of Zn 2+ by heavier Cd 2+ triggers a dual role: a stronger heavy‐atom effect and a band‐edge arrangement transform from Type II to reverse Type I. The phosphorescence quantum yields (Φ P ) increase dramatically from 10.2% ( M ═Zn) to 45.75% ( M ═Cd). The Cd 2+ ‐system provides more efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) channels (S 1 →T n ) and faster ISC rate, accounting for superior RTP efficiency. Furthermore, they can be employed in multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption. This work elucidates the dual functionality of d 10 metal center in modulating spin‐orbit coupling and electronic structure, providing new insights for the rational design of RTP materials.

ABSTRACT Effectively mediating noncovalent interactions among polymer chains in covalent adaptable networks (CANs) is essential for attaining a synergistic improvement in both strength and toughness. Herein, a perfluorocarboxylate anions bonding strategy based on intermolecular ionic interactions and hydrogen‐bond interactions was proposed for synthesizing ionic polyurethanes ( Ionic‐PUs ) with enhanced mechanical properties and facile reprocessing capability. Specifically, a series of dimidazolium perfluorocarboxylate (F3–F9)‐based ionic chain extenders was designed and copolymerized into the polyurethane backbone, resulting in regulating microphase separation, energy dissipation, and dynamic responsiveness. It showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness of the optimal sample CF 3 CO 2– –PU were enhanced to 2.40, 1.07, and 2.45 times than those of the control nonionic polyurethane DMG–PU , achieving synergistic enhancement of strength and toughness. Moreover, deep insights into the mechanisms governing the mechanical properties of Ionic‐PUs , which highlight the role of strong ionic interactions and minor steric hindrance in enhancing their mechanical performance. Benefiting from oxime‐urethane dynamic chemistry, Ionic‐PUs could be reprocessed via hot‐pressing or solvent treatment while maintaining the thermomechanical performance. Additionally, the perfluorocarboxylate anion bonding strategy could enhance the Ionic‐PUs dielectric properties. Intrinsic capacitive sensors fabricated from CF 3 CO 2 –PU demonstrated outstanding performance in motion signal monitoring and stress visualization.

ABSTRACT Metal‐organic Frameworks (MOFs) employed for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are plagued by structural instability driven by inherent electrochemical reconstruction. Herein, we develop for the first time a ligand engineering strategy to stabilize MOF frameworks during electrocatalytic reconstruction. Notably, experimental results reveal that the ─NO 2 group dualistically enhances catalytic performance and framework stability, which activates Fe active sites to enable efficient OER catalysis with an ultralow overpotential of 227 mV at 10 mA cm −2 , and simultaneously stabilizes the MIL‐53 framework during OER, endowing the catalyst with exceptional electrochemical stability even when operated at an ultrahigh current density of 5000 mA cm −2 . Mechanistically, density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that ─NO 2 group introduction enhances C 2p and O 2p orbital overlap and reinforces bond strength, conferring robust structural stability to the MOF skeleton throughout the OER process. This work demonstrates that ligand engineered C─O bond enhancement enables controlled structural reconstruction, providing a versatile paradigm for designing MOF‐based OER electrocatalysts with both outstanding activity and stability.

ABSTRACT The development of direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs) has long been constrained by the activity, durability, and utilization efficiency of anode catalysts. Beyond optimizing intrinsic active sites, increasing attention has been directed toward catalyst support engineering, as the support plays a decisive role in constructing the electrode mesostructure, stabilizing metal species under electrochemical conditions, and coordinating mass and charge transport within the catalyst layer. Three‐dimensional (3D) carbon materials, featuring high surface area, abundant and tunable pore structures, continuous conductive networks, and adjustable surface chemistry, have shown great potential to enhance electrocatalytic oxidation of liquid fuels by strengthening coordination and synergistic interactions with catalysts. This review summarizes recent progress in 3D carbon materials as supports for anode catalysts in DLFCs. First, it discusses how support structure and surface chemistry influence reaction behavior and catalytic performance. Subsequently, construction strategies for 3D structures from different carbon precursors, ordered pore‐structure design, and representative modification approaches for strengthening metal‐support interactions and improving long‐term stability are highlighted. Finally, key challenges and future opportunities are outlined to guide the rational development of high‐performance and durable DLFC anode catalysts.

ABSTRACT Sustainable urea and urine electrooxidation are highly attractive for coupling energy conversion with environmental remediation. Herein, we report a powder catalyst of Ni 2 P/NiSe 2 nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped carbon nanofibers (Ni 2 P/NiSe 2 /NCNF), which exhibits markedly enhanced activity and stability compared with single‐component catalysts. Interfacial electron transfer from Ni 2 P to NiSe 2 establishes a built‐in electric field, leading to local bonding rearrangement and selective adsorption of urea intermediates, thereby accelerating the rate‐determining step. As a result, Ni 2 P/NiSe 2 /NCNF delivers a nearly five‐fold increase in current density and two orders of magnitude higher electron transfer and diffusion coefficient than Ni/NCNF. In situ Raman spectroscopy and post‐reaction analyses reveal surface reconstruction into high‐valence Ni species, with the heterostructure stabilizing the active surface. Furthermore, a urea/water co‐electrolysis device demonstrates substantial energy savings and stable hydrogen production. A current density of 98.83 mA cm − 2 is achieved in synthetic urine, with a long‐term stability of 48 h, showing its great potential in practical urine wastewater electrolysis. This study highlights the promise of Ni 2 P/NiSe 2 heterostructures for practical urea oxidation and advances the design of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen generation.

ABSTRACT Integrating plasmonic materials can extend the light harvest and enhance photocatalytic H 2 production via localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, the sluggish utilization of LSPR‐induced hot carriers due to poor interfacial coupling is the key issue. Here, we demonstrate a dual LSPR coupling ZnIn 2 S 4 /Cu‐Cu 3‐x P heterostructure with in‐situ formation of spatially oriented interfacial Cu 0 , which is achieved by the interfacial electrons’ directional transfer from ZnIn 2 S 4 to Cu 3‐x P and partial reduction of Cu + to metallic Cu 0 . The dual LSPR coupling of Cu and Cu 3‐x P enhances absorption and localized electric field by 21.4‐fold/7.1‐fold in the visible region and 3.3‐fold/1.4‐fold in the near‐infrared, respectively, achieving full‐spectrum photon harvesting. More critically, the spatially oriented interfacial Cu 0 acts as a charge transport channel, reducing the charge transfer activation energy by 65%, collectively prolonging the carrier lifetime by 707.7‐fold, and boosting directional hot electrons extraction. Consequently, interfacial Cu 0 ‐induced dual LSPR effect achieves an order‐of‐magnitude enhancement in photocatalytic activity, reaching a value of 43.3 mmol g −1 h −1 that surpasses previous sulfide‐based photocatalysts. This research highlights a reinforced interface charge transport pathway for directional hot carrier extraction via valence state modulation, paving a promising route for designing high‐activity plasmonic photocatalytic systems.

ABSTRACT O3‐type layered oxide cathodes have garnered considerable attention for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) by virtue of their high energy and low cost. But the harmful phase transitions and notorious interface side‐reactions seriously deteriorate the electrochemical performance of materials. Here, we propose a deep external engineering strategy by coupling sodium‐ion‐sites anchoring with in situ induced segregation layer to enable synergistic reinforcement of the overall framework from surface to bulk. Theoretical calculations and advanced in/ex situ characterizations demonstrate that the charge density around oxygen atoms is dramatically increased, promoting the electron localization, which widens the NaO 2 layer distance, thus accelerating the Na + transport kinetics. Meanwhile, the resulting higher‐energy bond with oxygen creates localized rigid structural units, which remarkably restrain the local lattice distortion. More importantly, the generated buffer layer effectively ameliorates the undesirable interface parasitic reactions, which assist the formation of a robust cathode‐electrolyte interface, ensuring the overall structural stability of developed materials. Therefore, the optimized sample delivers an extraordinary cycling durability with ultralow voltage attenuation (only 0.02% V per cycle) and outstanding rate performance (114 mAh g −1 at 10 C). This unique design paradigm opens a versatile avenue toward high‐performance layered cathode materials for SIBs.

ABSTRACT The detection of biologically relevant subtle mechanical forces, such as cellular traction forces (CTFs, ∼kPa), is critical for advancing cancer diagnostics and understanding mechanobiology. However, conventional mechanochromic molecules require high mechanochromic threshold stresses (∼GPa) for their fluorescence changes, restricting their applicability in biomedical applications. Here, we present an innovative class of mechanochromic molecules showing unprecedented mechanochromic threshold stress of 0.5 Pa. The mechanochromic molecules undergo a supercooled liquid‐to‐crystal transition with clear fluorescence deviation upon mechanical stimuli, while showing gradually controlled mechanochromic sensitivity. Our extremely sensitive mechanochromic devices effectively distinguish cancer cells having different CTF characteristics, correlating with their metastatic tendencies. Especially, patient‐derived cancer cells from primary tumors and metastatic sites exhibited distinct contrasts in fluorescence signal turn‐on rates of 18.7% and 73.5%, respectively, emphasizing this platform's potential for cancer diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring. This work represents a significant advance in mechanochromic materials technology, providing high‐sensitivity tools for various biomedical applications.

Abstract Addressing the critical demand for high-precision metrology of GaN epitaxial layers on SiC substrates, this study presents a rigorous mid-infrared reflectance methodology integrating physical modeling with global optimization. The complex infrared dispersion of GaN is accurately characterized using the Drude-Lorentz dielectric function, while the Airy multi-beam interference theory is employed to rectify systematic errors inherent in traditional dual-beam approximations. To tackle the non-convex optimization landscape caused by multi-beam interference, a spectral inversion strategy utilizing the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is developed. This approach effectively escapes local minima traps—a common failure point in gradient-based methods—and achieves global convergence by minimizing the full-spectrum Residual Sum of Squares (RSS). The physical consistency of the model is validated through angle-resolved reflectance mapping, confirming exceptional robustness against optical path variations. Furthermore, a comprehensive uncertainty evaluation, incorporating parameter sensitivity analysis, correlation matrices, and Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrates the effective decoupling of thickness from dielectric parameters. Notably, unlike classical interferometry, this method enables the simultaneous extraction of thickness and electrical properties.The results yield a thickness measurement result of 5.32±0.17μm (coverage factor k=2), providing a robust, non-destructive solution for the precision metrology of Group III nitride thin films.

Abstract A defect-to-mobility correlation methodology is established for 4H-SiC MOSFETs through the implementation of modified Hi-Lo CV/C-ΦS techniques for trap distribution extraction from fabricated test structures. Field-effect mobility degradation is directly quantified by the correlation of calculated defect profiles, including fixed charges, interface traps (DITs), and near-interface oxide traps (NIOTs), with carrier transport losses. When applied to nitric oxide (NO) annealed processes, optimized nitridation is revealed to suppress NIOT density, resulting in a critical reduction of electron trapping and a corresponding enhancement of channel mobility. Crucially, the observed mobility improvement despite a higher interface state density is explained by the demonstrated dominance of trapping efficiency suppression as the governing factor. A generalizable framework for quantifying defect impacts on carrier transport is thus provided.

Abstract A force-sensing resistor (FSR) consists of printed conducting ink layered on a flexible substrate, with resistance that changes in response to external force, which shown compact, easy to replace, affordable, and suitable for experimental applications. However, the inherent characteristics of FSR architectures present critical challenges, including nonlinear restoring forces, limited durability in harsh environments, and low integration density, which hinder their practical deployment in industrial settings. In this study, remote control of a 3D-printed prosthetic hand based on an FSR integrated with designed circuitry is demonstrated, exhibiting excellent operational stability. The relationship between external force and FSR resistance is monitored within the linear region by a control module that forms a closed circuit using an Arduino microcontroller, the FSR, a battery, and a reference resistor.Additionally, the servomotor is directly driven by the control module, with its angle of rotation dependent on the linearly calibrated FSR signal. Finally, the finger joint synchronizes with the servomotor and FSR signal, utilizing the calibration curve to translate the external force detected by the FSR into a control signal that drives the servomotor to rotate the finger joint structure. These results highlight the significant potential of the FSR integration module for next-generation bionic robotic control and provide a solid foundation for applications in augmented reality and artificial intelligence (AI).

Abstract To address the key challenges of SiC trench MOSFETs in high-voltage and high-frequency applications, such as the trade-off between breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on-resistance (Ron,sp), as well as significant dynamic losses, a novel 1200V trench SiC MOSFET integrating superjunction (SJ) and shielded gate (SG) technologies (SS-TMOSFET) is proposed. The SJ structure modulates the electric field distribution in the drift region, enabling a substantial reduction in Ron,sp while maintaining a high BV. The SG structure minimizes the gate-drain overlap area, significantly reducing gate-drain capacitance (CGD) and gate-drain charge (QGD), thereby optimizing dynamic switching characteristics. Based on TCAD simulations, the structural parameters are optimized. Results show that compared with the conventional trench MOSFET with a P-type shielding layer (C-TMOSFET), the SS-TMOSFET achieves a 71% reduction in Ron,sp, 78% and 70% reduction in CGD and QGD, respectively, a 16% reduction in switching loss (ESW), and a 434% improvement in the figure of merit (FOM = BV^2 /Ron,sp) with a BV of 1735V. This work realizes the coordinated optimization of static and dynamic losses, providing a low-power solution for high-voltage and high-frequency power electronic applications.