Physics

Abstract The dynamic shear modulus and anelastic properties of MgAl 2 O4 spinel have been measured using a forced torsion pendulum between 600 K and 1400 K at frequencies of 0.01–10 Hz. A Debye-like peak in the internal friction Q −1 is observed at ~1057 K at 1 Hz, accompanied by a corresponding modulus defect in the shear modulus G of order 4 GPa (~20% of the unrelaxed modulus). Both the loss peak and the modulus dispersion are well described by a single thermally activated relaxation time, and the loss peak shifts systematically to higher temperature with increasing frequency, with no hysteresis between heating and cooling. Arrhenius analysis of the peak positions yields an activation energy of 331 kJ mol −1 . The peak is approximately 1.8 times broader than an ideal single-relaxation-time Debye peak, and this excess width is independent of frequency, reflecting the distribution of local Mg–Al exchange environments. We attribute the relaxation to stress-induced, vacancy-mediated Mg–Al exchange between tetrahedral and octahedral sites, the direct anelastic analogue of Zener relaxation in substitutional alloys. The result provides a mechanical-spectroscopic demonstration of cation-exchange anelasticity in MgAl 2 O 4 , and shows that non-convergent order–disorder generates a distinct dynamical signature within the seismic frequency band.

Abstract Using ab initio calculations, we investigate the magnetic ground states of quasi-one-dimensional insulating CrSb X 3 ( X =S, Se) with infinite double-rutile chains. Within conventional band theory, without explicit Coulomb correlations ( U ), we obtain band gaps in close agreement with experiment. Remarkably, we find that the magnetic order is highly sensitive to the Cr-Cr bond length d Cr-Cr : increasing the bond length induces a transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order at a critical distance d c Cr-Cr ≈3.53(±0.05) Å. Accordingly, CrSbS 3 lies near the transition boundary, whereas CrSbSe 3 is robustly ferromagnetic, in good agreement with experiment. Analysis of the exchange interactions reveals that the first-order phase transition is dominated by a sign reversal of the intrachain nearest-neighbor superexchange J 1 mediated by chalcogen ions, while the intrachain direct exchange J 2 remains ferromagnetic and changes only gradually. This behavior reflects an emergent Bethe-Slater-like behavior driven by competing exchange pathways in a quasi-1D transition-metal system, where the competition between J 1 and J 2 dictates the magnetic ground state. Besides, the electronic structures of the ground states of each compound are investigated.

Abstract Understanding how lattice effects tune magnetic exchange in intermetallic alloys is essential for controlling functional magnetic properties. Here we investigate Ce (1-x) La (x) CrGe 3 (x = 0, 0.19, 0.43, 0.58, and 1) hexagonal perovskite-type intermetallics using perturbed angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy combined with structural characterization. La substitution induces a systematic lattice expansion while simultaneously increasing the Curie temperature from 69 K (CeCrGe 3 ) to 84 K (LaCrGe 3 ). PAC measurements using 111 In( 111 Cd) reveal a pronounced increase of the magnetic hyperfine field at the Cr site with increasing La content, despite larger Cr-Cr distances.This counterintuitive behavior suggests a crossover from a relatively itinerant regime in Ce-rich compositions toward a more localized Cr 3d state in La-rich compounds, consistent with lattice-induced band narrowing and modified Cr-Ge-Cr exchange interactions. No magnetic contribution from Ce is detected within experimental sensitivity, confirming that ferromagnetism is governed by the Cr sublattice. These results indicate that lattice expansion is an important parameter for exchange enhancement in RECrGe 3 intermetallic alloys.

The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, a prime example of a one-dimensional topologically nontrivial insulator, has been extensively studied in flat space-time. In recent times, many studies have been conducted to understand the properties of the low-dimensional quantum matter in curved spacetime, which can mimic the gravitational event horizon and black hole physics. However, the impact of curved spacetime on the topological properties of such systems remains unexplored. In this work, we investigate the curved spacetime (CST) version of the extended SSH model, by introducing a position-dependent hopping parameter. The extended SSH model already exhibits topological phases and the associated phase transitions. Different topological markers suggest that for the same choice of parameters, the CST version of the model retains the imprint of the same topological phases and transitions. Furthermore, the topologically non-trivial phase of the CST model hosts zero-energy edge modes, which are spatially asymmetric in contrast to those of the conventional SSH model. We find that at the topological transition points between phases with different winding numbers, a critical slowdown takes place for zero-energy wave packets near the boundary, indicating the presence of a horizon, and interestingly, if one moves even a slight distance away from the topological transition points, wave packets start bouncing back and reverse direction before reaching the boundary. Moreover, we have also quantified the time scale of the critical slowdown of the wavepacket across different winding-number transition phases. A semiclassical description of the wave packet trajectories also supports these results.

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Z’ denotes the number of formula units in an asymmetric part of a crystallographic unit cell. We evaluated computationally, at the DFT-D theory level, 635 polymorphic pairs (1080 unique crystal structures) having at least one Z’ = 1 and one Z’ = 2 polymorph. This allowed for the comparison of the energetic preferences of Z’ = 1 and 2 data sets, including differences in total energy, as well as intra- and intermolecular contributions to the total energy. Overall, the observed differences between pairs of polymorphs were in the range of ±5 kJ/mol for 82% of cases. On average, Z’ = 1 polymorphs were slightly more often energetically stable, and this was true for 56.7% of entries (360 polymorphic pairs). This energy difference was mostly due to the difference in intermolecular contributions to the total energy, while intramolecular energy contributions were comparable for both sets, with only very minor preference for Z’ = 2 structures to accommodate lower-energy conformations (50.8% of polymorphic pairs). We analyzed all outlier structures, with an exceptionally high difference in either total energy or intramolecular contributions to it. We found that, in the case of total energy, this was either indicative of one of the polymorphs being a high-pressure structure or of an incorrect structure solution (e.g., in terms of hydrogen atom positions). In the cases of the outliers in the intramolecular energy difference, it was always the case of breaking an intramolecular hydrogen bond to form favorable intermolecular interactions.

The present investigation reports on the crystal growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP) on HAP crystals in supersaturated solutions at pH 7.40, 37 °C, both in the absence and in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at subcritical critical micelle concentration levels (0.1–1.0 ppm). In CTAB-free solutions, the growth rate increased linearly with supersaturation, consistent with a surface-diffusion-controlled Burton, Cabrera, Frank spiral crystal growth mechanism. CTAB strongly inhibited HAP growth across the concentration range investigated. At 1 ppm of CTAB, the growth rate decreased by more than 75% relative to the control. The kinetic data, with and without CTAB, were fitted by a linear Langmuir-type adsorption model, indicating CTAB adsorption on active growth sites. The apparent affinity constant was high, k aff ≈ 1.4 × 10 6 L mol –1, comparable to organophosphorus inhibitors of calcium phosphate growth. X-ray diffraction confirmed that all precipitated solids were pure HAP. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that CTAB did not alter the prismatic morphology, while crystal dimensions varied with CTAB concentration. Overall, the kinetic, morphological, and adsorption results suggest that CTAB modulates HAP crystallization by forming an interfacial barrier that blocks active growth sites on the seed crystal surface.

The self-assembly strategy is an efficient method for tailoring the properties of energetic materials, wherein energetic molecules combine with other molecules through noncovalent interactions to construct self-assembled systems with enhanced overall performance. To diversify the host explosives available for constructing self-assembled energetic materials. In this work, the insensitive and heat-resistant explosive 3-picrylamino-1,2,4-triazole (PATO) was combined with perchloric acid (HClO 4 ) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to prepare the PATO-HClO 4 and PATO-HCl self-assembled energetic materials. Importantly, incorporation of the energetic oxidizer HClO 4 results in a high density of 1.927 g·cm –3 and improves the oxygen balance by 49.1%, leading to superior detonation performance ( D v = 8.17 km·s –1, P = 30.85 GPa). Additionally, the material demonstrates a favorable safety profile, with an impact sensitivity of H 50 = 53 cm (2 kg) and 0% friction explosion under GJB conditions (66°, 2.5 MPa). These findings demonstrate that acid-induced self-assembly strategy is a viable approach for tuning the properties of azole-based energetic compounds.

While integrating DNAzymes with Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas systems offers a promising route to enhance CRISPR/Cas12a-based molecular diagnosis via enzyme-coupled cascade amplification, their implementation in simple, specific, and sensitive nucleic acid detection remains challenging, largely due to reliance on complex, multistep workflows. Here, we report an RNA-triggered DNAzyme circuit integrated with CRISPR/Cas12a that serves as a universal nucleic acid preamplifier, enabling one-pot and homogeneous detection. The catalytic activity of DNAzyme, initially suppressed by a complementary blocker strand, was restored upon the recognition of the target analyte. The activated DNAzyme then cleaved a hairpin-shaped substrate, liberating multiple activators that triggered a secondary CRISPR/Cas amplification reaction. This cascade generated a visible red band signal on a lateral flow assay via the collateral cleavage of a reporter. By employing the DNAzyme as a signal amplifier, the system efficiently converted a single RNA molecule into numerous initiators, breaking the one-to-one activation relationship between the target and Cas12a ribonucleoprotein and thereby greatly enhancing the detection sensitivity. Additionally, the system exhibited high programmability and universality, as a biosensor for a given target could be easily constructed by simply customizing the corresponding region of the blocker strand that is complementary to the target sequence. This integrated cascade system enables efficient signal amplification within a simple one-pot format and holds significant promise for practical applications.

Alkynyl groups in the backbones of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enable continuous π-conjugation, thereby unlocking enhanced visible light photocatalysis. Starting from TpBD-COF, the incorporation of acetylene and diacetylene into the linker yields two β-ketoenamine COFs, TpEDD-COF and TpBDD-COF, respectively. Accordingly, the greater planarity of TpEDD-COF and TpBDD-COF relative to TpBD-COF significantly amplifies π-electron delocalization across the COFs, as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimental measurements, corroborated by time-dependent DFT calculations, confirm the order of optoelectronic properties: TpBDD-COF > TpEDD-COF > TpBD-COF. Thus, the optoelectronic properties underpin the visible light photocatalysis: oxygen is activated, which in turn drives the selective oxidation of amines. Compared with TpBD-COF, the continuous π -conjugation in TpEDD-COF and TpBDD-COF boosts charge transfer. In the selective oxidation of benzylamines with oxygen, under 460 nm light irradiation, TpBDD-COF photocatalysis achieves twice the conversion of TpEDD-COF and four times that of TpBD-COF. Mechanistic studies reveal that in TpBDD-COF photocatalysis, superoxide radical anion serves as the predominant reactive oxygen species for imine formation. This work highlights that continuous π-conjugation of COFs offers a viable handle for enhanced selective photocatalysis.

Hydrogel-based smart windows suffer from limited weather resistance and processability, while converting thermochromic ionogels into window films suitable for mass production remains a challenge. This paper reports a thermochromic ionogel ink composed of butyl acrylate (BA) and binary ionic liquids (ILs), which has been specifically designed for industrial production to address these bottlenecks. This homogeneous precursor can be rapidly cured by ultraviolet light and is suitable for 3D printing, coating and roll-to-roll curing process, supporting customized pattern design and large-size fabrication. The temperature-driven dynamic distribution of IL-rich microdomains within the polymer matrix endows the material exceptional solar regulation capabilities and tunable low critical solution temperature between 27 and 130 °C. Simultaneously, the as-synthesized film exhibits robust weather resistance, inherent self-adhesiveness, and outstanding thermomechanical stability, effectively preventing liquid leakage, structural degradation, and thermal failure. The outdoor tests and the building energy simulations quantitatively validate its significant energy-saving and emission-reduction effects, highlighting the potential of this ionogel as a durable, energy-efficient platform for next-generation smart windows.

The demand for long-endurance power systems in energy vehicles, space shuttles, and drones requires batteries with high energy density. Achieving this goal relies not only on advanced active materials but also on multiscale collaborative design and precise manufacturing across the entire chain, from material interfaces to electrode fabrication and cell integration. Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries have emerged as leading candidates for next-generation energy storage, owing to the high ionic conductivity of sulfide solid electrolytes, which is comparable to that of liquid electrolytes, and the high capacities enabled by high-capacity cathodes and lithium metal anodes. However, their practical development remains limited by interfacial instability, mechanical fragility, and process challenges. This Perspective first outlines the key obstacles to achieving energy densities exceeding 400 Wh/kg in sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries and then focuses on corresponding solutions from three core aspects: high-capacity cathodes, lithium metal anodes, and practical pouch cells. Finally, perspectives on future theoretical research and practical industrialization directions are discussed. We aim to inspire the adoption of simple and low-cost design strategies to accelerate the commercialization of high-energy-density sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is an essential industrial oxidant, yet its conventional production remains energy-intensive and generates hazardous byproducts. Flexocatalysis has emerged as a promising mechanochemical strategy that overcomes the symmetry constraints of piezoelectric materials, allowing a wider range of semiconductors to participate in mechano-driven redox reactions. However, this green approach faces challenges due to inefficient mechanochemical energy conversion and insufficient active sites. In this study, the g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 nanocomposites are prepared by initially hydrothermally-synthesizing SrTiO 3, which was then mechanically mixed with g-C 3 N 4 and calcined. The optimized heterojunction demonstrates an elevated H 2 O 2 production rate of 645.1 μmol·g –1 ·h –1 when subjected to ultrasonication, outperforming the yields of pristine g-C 3 N 4 and SrTiO 3 by 2.7 and 3.7 folds, respectively. The improved efficiency is attributed to the effective spatial separation of mechano-induced charges across the heterointerface, which suppresses charge recombination and thereby enhances the overall redox efficiency. Mechanistic investigations, including electron spin resonance spectroscopy and radical trapping experiments, collectively demonstrate that the sequential two-step single-electron oxygen reduction serves as the predominant pathway for H 2 O 2 generation. This study highlights the potential of heterojunction engineering in advancing flexocatalytic systems and presents a scalable, sustainable strategy for ultrasound-driven H 2 O 2 synthesis.

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Neuromorphic engineering aims to bypass the energy and latency limitations of traditional Von Neumann architectures by emulating the biological efficiency of the mammalian brain. Two-dimensional materials, with their exceptional light-matter interaction, have emerged as prime candidates for next-generation optoelectronic artificial synapses. In this work, we demonstrate a robust optoelectronic synaptic device based on a mechanically exfoliated tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ) field-effect transistor. Unlike complex heterostructures, the proposed device exploits intrinsic defect-mediated charge trapping mechanisms to achieve neuromorphic functionalities. We report a reversible modulation of channel conductance, where optical stimuli induce potentiation via persistent photoconductivity and electrical gate pulses trigger depression. A key finding is the ability to selectively switch between Short-Term and Long-Term Plasticity simply by tuning the drain bias polarity, utilizing the asymmetry of Schottky contacts. To validate the device’s potential for bioinspired computing, we successfully emulate Pavlovian associative learning at the hardware level. These results establish exfoliated WSe 2 as a simple yet versatile platform for light-stimulated neuromorphic computing.

Cobalt single-atom catalysts (SACs) hold significant promise for water decontamination. However, the simultaneous achievement of both high Co loading and stability continues to pose challenges. Herein, we report a surfactant-templated (CTAB/TMB) synthesis of Mg-stabilized Co single atoms anchored in mesoporous silica (600CoMg/MS). This facile strategy yields a high Co loading of 5.97 wt % while preserving a high specific surface area of 457.359 m 2 /g. Multiple characterizations (FT-IR, XPS, XAFS, TEM and BET) confirm that magnesium silicate plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the Co–O bonds and enhancing the specific surface area. When applied to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for 5-fluorouracil (5-FLU) degradation, 600CoMg/MS achieves >97% removal in 30 min and maintains 95% removal after four cycles. Comparable performance is retained even after fabricating the powder into a ceramic monolith. EIS, LSV and i–t confirm Mg-enhanced charge transfer: smaller arc radius, higher current upon PMS addition, and current rise/fall upon sequential PMS/5-FLU, evidencing electron transfer to PMS to generate ROS for 5-FLU degradation. Moreover, the catalyst exhibits stable performance in real water matrices (e.g., lake water, river water) and shows low biotoxicity toward seed germination. Radical quenching and EPR confirm SO 4 •-, O 2 •-, and 1 O 2 as the dominant reactive species, with • OH playing a minor role. By employing a simple extrusion forming strategy, catalysts were flexibly designed with varying lengths and shapes. This work thus establishes a new paradigm for Co SACs confined in mesoporous structures toward sustainable environmental catalysis.

The regeneration and functional rehabilitation of peripheral nerve defects remain major clinical challenges. Piezoelectric materials have the potential to restore both nerve morphology and function. Conventional grafts struggle to repair nerves with complex structures. To address this issue, band-aid-inspired tissue-adhesive membranes were designed to accommodate diverse nerve diameters and branching structures. Electrospinning was used to prepare a Janus membrane that served as a suture-free piezoelectric nerve repair membrane. The inner layer comprised oriented adhesive hydrogel fibers fabricated from gelatin methacryloyl and tannic acid, whereas the outer layer comprised piezoelectric silk fibroin fibers that provided barrier function and structural support. In vivo experiments demonstrated that this membrane streamlined surgery, enabled rapid and facile bridging of complex peripheral nerve defects, and significantly facilitated morphological and functional nerve recovery. This finding holds significant promise for advancing personalized, simplified, and more effective clinical management of peripheral nerve defects. Additionally, it is anticipated to treat defects in other tissues and organs, specifically those with irregular morphologies.

The ultimate resolution and pattern fidelity in ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) are fundamentally determined by the physicochemical properties of the photoresist used. To overcome the intrinsic limitations of traditional organic UV-NIL resists─namely, high volumetric shrinkage, inadequate thermal resistance, and severe oxygen inhibition─this paper designed the Vi-T series, a class of siloxane-based thiol–ene photoresists featuring a tunable branching architecture, and systematically elucidated the dual regulatory mechanisms by which stoichiometry and topological structure govern photopolymerization kinetics, rheological behavior, and pattern fidelity. Spectroscopic and thermodynamic analyses revealed that enforcing a precisely optimized off-stoichiometric ratio (C═C/–SH = 1:1.2) effectively suppressed parasitic vinyl homopolymerization. Notably, the degree of branching exerted a nonmonotonic influence on the curing rate, arising from the competition between local functional group enrichment and steric hindrance. Among the synthesized series, the Vi-T-4 formulation exhibited an optimal kinetic balance. By leveraging the flexible buffering effect of the siloxane backbone with the delayed gelation inherent to the step-growth polymerization mechanism, the optimized network achieved low volumetric shrinkage (1–3%) and high thermal stability ( T d5% up to 346.2 °C). Furthermore, the Vi-T-4 system demonstrated a synergistic balance between rheological flowability and cohesive strength during the NIL process, effectively circumventing common defects such as cohesive failure and incomplete mold filling. This study established a critical structure–property relationship for high-fidelity nanograting replication, positioning the Vi-T system as a robust candidate for the manufacturing of high-temperature micro- and nano-devices.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a promising class of materials for the sorption and reactive elimination of toxic chemicals; however, the limited processability of MOF powders hinders their broader application in this field. High internal phase emulsion-derived polymer foams (polyHIPEs) offer a promising avenue for generating interconnected macroporous structures with highly tunable physical and chemical properties. Combining polyHIPEs with reactive MOFs offers a versatile platform for removing toxic chemical vapors and gases, but studies that investigate the effects of MOF loading on a polyHIPE and how the composite matrix influences MOF reactivity are limited. In this work, the MOF UiO-66-NH 2 is used as a filler in the one-pot synthesis of polyHIPE composites. The MOF is shown to play a key role in the stabilization of the emulsion during polymerization at elevated temperatures, preventing droplet coalescence and pore collapse. The MOF filler is also shown to maintain its adsorption activity, although the overall performance of the composite is strongly influenced by temperature due to limited diffusion through the polymer matrix at reduced temperatures. Finally, cyclic compression tests indicate that increased MOF loadings cause a reduction in recoverable deformation, as indicated by a drop in the hysteresis toughness between the first and second compression cycles driven by microcrack formation and debonding at the matrix–filler interface. These experiments highlight that understanding the interactions between MOF fillers and the polymer matrix is the key to balancing the reactivity and mechanical stability of these composite systems.

Precisely engineered nanoplatforms capable of controlled structural evolution from atomically dispersed sites to confined nanoparticles provide opportunities for multifunctional solar fuel production. Herein, we report a “two-in-one” photocatalytic strategy based on a transformable metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoplatform that enables two distinct solar fuel pathways from a single precursor. Microwave-assisted atomic-level engineering affords Pt 1 /In 2 O 3 /UiO-66-NH 2, a nanostructured composite featuring atomically dispersed Pt sites anchored within an In 2 O 3 -modified MOF architecture. This atomic-scale configuration delivers efficient visible-light-driven H 2 evolution with a rate of 2749.6 μmol g –1 h –1, aided by favorable hydrogen adsorption energy (Δ G H* = −0.39 eV). Controlled pyrolysis transforms the same precursor into Pt NP /In 2 O 3 /N–C, in which confined Pt nanoparticles (2.3 ± 0.4 nm) are embedded in a conductive N-doped carbon matrix, enabling efficient photocatalytic CO 2 -to-CO conversion with a CO production rate of 4758.1 μmol g –1 h –1 . This work demonstrates how controlled atomic-to-nanoscale structural evolution within a unified MOF-derived platform can direct functional specialization, providing a design principle for multifunctional photocatalytic systems.

Natural structural materials are built from a limited selection of components into complex hierarchical architectures spanning from the nanoscale to the macroscale. While these biological blueprints provide unique combinations of strength and toughness, replicating such mechanical performance in synthetic polymer nanocomposites remains a formidable challenge. A fundamental bottleneck persists as the decisive role of interphase tuning in driving robust toughening is frequently overlooked. Within these nanoscopic interphases, polymer chains exhibit fracture mechanics fundamentally distinct from the bulk phase, establishing the primary determinant for toughening against flexural deformation. This review evaluates interphase tuning as a pivotal mechanism for activating multiscale toughening through targeted energy dissipation and crack shielding. By assessing scalable manufacturing strategies such as layer-by-layer assembly and superspreading, we establish a robust methodology for engineering high-performance composites that bridge the gap between biological principles and structural applications.

to MeOH.

Equimolar multicomponent xenotime rare-earth phosphates (REPO 4 ), ranging from binary to quaternary REPO 4, were synthesized via chemical coprecipitation. The synthesized powders were densified via spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1500 °C. Their thermal conductivity, coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs), and resistance to calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate (CMAS) corrosion were systematically characterized to evaluate their potential as environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for SiC-based ceramic matrix composites (SiC/SiC CMCs). All REPO 4 compositions studied here exhibit CTEs close to SiC/SiC-CMCs. Thermal conductivity depends on cation-size disorder and compositional complexity. Notably, at a constant number of constituent elements, increased cation-size disorder reduces thermal conductivity. Among the quaternary compositions, (Sc 1/4 Lu 1/4 Er 1/4 Y 1/4 )PO 4 exhibits minimal thermal conductivity because of its higher degree of size disorder compared to (Lu 1/4 Yb 1/4 Er 1/4 Y 1/4 )PO 4. The CMAS corrosion test at 1300 °C for 96 h resulted in the formation of a uniform, dense, and continuous reaction layer mainly consisting of Ca 8 MgRE(PO 4 ) 7 and RE 2 Si 2 O 7 for all REPO 4 . However, at 1400 °C, the CMAS corrosion behavior of REPO 4 differs significantly. Binary and ternary REPO 4 exhibit direct CMAS infiltration along the grain boundaries without creating a protective reaction layer, whereas quaternary (4RE 0.25 )PO 4 develops a discontinuous reaction layer and halts the CMAS penetration to some extent. The reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced CMAS corrosion resistance of the quaternary compositions, in particular (Lu 1/4 Yb 1/4 Er 1/4 Y 1/4 )PO 4, compared to their binary (Lu 1/2 Y 1/2 )PO 4 and ternary (Lu 1/3 Er 1/3 Y 1/3 )PO 4 counterparts, imply the potential of quaternary phosphates as promising EBC candidates for SiC/SiC CMCs in high-temperature environments.

Original article: EPL , 153 (2026) 68001 .

A reliable plant-machine interface plays a substantial role in utilizing plant electrophysiology for real-time monitoring and intervention of plant physiological conditions but is still challenging to establish due to the difficult construction of stable, conformal biosensing interface between noninvasive electrodes and plants. Here, we demonstrate that under the premise of sufficient adhesive strength on smooth surfaces, the magnitude of elastic modulus is the key factor influencing the conformability of the gel electrode. Accordingly, an ionogel is specifically designed by incorporating G-quadruplexes into chemically cross-linked network. Its Young's modulus is significantly reduced, yet its toughness is enhanced, achieving robust conformal adhesion on complex plant surfaces. We show that the ionogel electrode can be leveraged to capture high-fidelity plant electrophysiological signals, exhibiting low contact impedance and a high signal-to-noise ratio, particularly providing hairy interface stability and signal authenticity under disturbances. This work advances the noninvasive recording technique of electrical signaling in plants.