Physics

ABSTRACT Addressing the intrinsic challenge of reconciling high damping performance with extreme environmental tolerance in soft materials, we propose a synergistic reinforcement strategy that integrates conformation‐change mediation with dynamic interfacial coupling for energy dissipation. Utilizing alkenylated cyclodextrin (CM) as a multifunctional structural unit, the system undergoes a stress‐induced conformational transition, establishing intrinsic energy‐dissipating units. Concurrently, host‐guest interactions bolster the interfacial stability of the ionic liquid, while thiol‐ene covalent crosslinking further optimizes interfacial compatibility. Moreover, the abundant multi‐hydroxyl sites cooperatively construct a multi‐tiered reversible hydrogen‐bonding network, culminating in an integrated crosslinked microstructure that enables homogeneous stress transfer and cascade energy dissipation. The resultant composite ionogel simultaneously achieves exceptional damping capacity (>94%), ultrahigh impact strength (>110 MPa), a low swelling ratio (<13.7%), outstanding low‐temperature tolerance (Tg < −78.8°C), and desirable mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of ∼7.5 MPa and a toughness of 26.9 MJ/m 3 . Through molecular dynamics simulations and comprehensive multi‐dimensional characterizations, we elucidate the conformation‐mediated microscopic energy‐dissipation mechanism. This work significantly broadens the application prospects of ionogels in impact protection, damping and energy absorption, extreme environments, and flexible wearable electronic sensing.

ABSTRACT Intensified global warming has highlighted the urgent need for personal radiative‐cooling textiles. Silk, a natural protein fiber, is a promising candidate for radiative cooling because of the relatively high mid‐infrared (MIR) emissivity of fibroin proteins and its microstructure‐induced solar reflectance. However, the intrinsic absorption of the fibroin protein in the ultraviolet (UV) region poses a fundamental constraint on the cooling efficacy under sunlight, and enhancing MIR emissivity via structural design remains challenging. Herein, multiscale beaded fibers and hierarchical micropyramid arrays are rationally designed to simultaneously improve UV reflectance and MIR emissivity, with the guidance of theoretical simulations based on Mie theory and finite‐difference time‐domain modeling. The target structure is fabricated via a scalable electrospinning technique, achieving a solar reflectance of 97%, with UV‐range (0.3–0.42 µm) reflectance reaching 99%, and a high MIR (8–13 µm) emissivity of 97%. When integrated into conventional cotton fabric, the engineered structure demonstrates a superior cooling effect of ∼6°C compared with that of traditional silk fabric under direct sunlight, while maintaining sufficient breathability and flexible comfort. This study presents a feasible strategy for developing high‐performance silk‐based radiative cooling textiles.

ABSTRACT Therapeutic barriers and resistance limit the efficacy of immunotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. Here, we report a dual‐nanobody autophagy‐targeting chimera (AUTAC), hereafter referred to as Nb, that selectively degrades heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) via p62‐dependent autophagy, restoring tumor sensitivity to immunogenic cell death (ICD). To construct the delivery nanoplatform, Nb was preassembled into protein‐polymer nanoparticles (Nb‐PC), coated with cholesterol‐depleted 4T1 tumor cell membranes (Nb‐PC@M), and further decorated with citrate‐stabilized Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) to obtain Nb‐PC@MPd. This hierarchical design integrates reversible protein‐polymer assembly, biomimetic membrane coating, and asymmetric Pd anchoring. In vivo, Nb‐PC@MPd achieves EPR‐ and membrane‐assisted tumor accumulation, followed by NIR‐assisted intratumoral Nb delivery and intracellular Nb release, promotes p62‐dependent HSP90 autophagic degradation, and potentiates mild photothermal therapy (mPTT)‐induced ICD. Consequently, Nb‐PC@MPd elicits systemic antitumor immunity and effectively suppresses both tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. This platform integrates programmable protein degradation, biomimetic thermophoretic delivery, and tumor‐directed immunomodulation, providing a versatile strategy for precision macromolecular therapeutics.

ABSTRACT Flexible and stretchable electronics enable emerging applications in wearable systems, soft devices, and human–machine interfaces. As these systems often rely on hybrid architectures that integrate soft, deformable substrates with rigid electronic components, their practical implementation is often limited by irreversible or mechanically incompatible interconnects at soft–rigid interfaces, which hinder component replacement, system maintenance, and recycling. Here, we introduce a temperature‐triggered reversible conductive adhesive (TRCA) that simultaneously provides stable electrical interconnection and controllable interfacial debonding. At room temperature, TRCA provides reliable conductive adhesion for integrating rigid components onto stretchable circuits, while cooling to a predefined triggering temperature (∼−20°C) significantly reduces the adhesive strength, enabling detachment with minimal visible residue. With thermally switchable adhesion and tunable rheology, TRCA supports the direct construction of stretchable electronic platforms that host various sensors, including pressure, temperature, and strain modules, thereby enabling modular assembly, replacement, and reuse of functional components. Furthermore, TRCA facilitates reversible functional expansion of flexible gold‐film electrodes from electrophysiological recording to integrated sensing and subsequent recovery without noticeable signal degradation. TRCA establishes a materials‐driven interconnection strategy that integrates reversible adhesion, electrical reliability, and recyclability, offering a practical route for reconfigurable and sustainable soft–rigid hybrid electronics.

ABSTRACT Conventional cancer therapies rarely induce robust antitumor immunity, as they typically trigger non‐immunogenic cell death and fail to counteract intrinsic immune resistance mechanisms. In this work, we develop a charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B)‐targeting photodynamic degrader (Chat‐PDD) that both activates and amplifies pyroptosis‐mediated antitumor immunity. Chat‐PDD is assembled from a CHMP2B‐targeting chimeric peptide (Chat‐CHP), composed of a CHMP2B‐binding sequence, the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and a membrane‐anchoring palmitic acid moiety, and is co‐formulated with the glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) inhibitor elraglusib (Elr). Chat‐PDD selectively accumulates on tumor cell membranes and localizes to CHMP2B. Upon photoactivation, membrane‐confined photodynamic therapy disrupts the plasma membrane, facilitates CHMP2B degradation, and directly triggers pyroptotic cell death. Concurrently, GSK‐3 inhibition enhances granzyme B secretion to potentiate T cell cytotoxicity. Notably, photodynamic degradation of CHMP2B impairs endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT‐III)‐dependent membrane repair, thereby amplifying the release of damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and reinforcing granzyme B‐mediated killing. By inducing pyroptosis and blocking the membrane repair pathway, Chat‐PDD elicits systemic antitumor immunity and effectively suppresses metastatic progression. This work presents a sophisticated strategy to reprogram tumor cell death pathways and overcome their inherent resistance to immune activation.

ABSTRACT The development of separable adsorbents for the efficient separation of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) and propylene (C 3 H 6 ) from methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) products is regarded as a sustainable approach to supply vital industrial feedstocks, thus holding critical significance. Herein, we synthesized a new material SIFSIX‐DPU‐Cu using 1,3‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl) urea (DPU) ligand for the separation of MTO products (C 3 H 6 /C 2 H 4 mixtures), and which features the scarcely explored characters concurrently integrating rich F‐containing [Cu 4 (μ 3 ‐F) 4 ] 2+ cation clusters and SiF 6 2− anion pillars. By constructing continuous electronegative pore surfaces with rich active sites and dumbbell‐shaped pores, the material can preferentially adsorb C 3 H 6 rather than C 2 H 4 and exhibit significantly high C 3 H 6 /C 2 H 4 adsorption selectivity. The dynamic breakthrough experiment on equimolar C 3 H 6 /C 2 H 4 mixtures shows that following one separation cycle at 298 K, SIFSIX‐DPU‐Cu enables to separate and produce 38.3 L kg −1 C 2 H 4 (purity ≥ 99.95%) and 46.2 L kg −1 C 3 H 6 (purity ≥ 99.5%) simultaneously. Experimental results based on single crystal analysis together with simulations reveal an uncommon simultaneous thermodynamic and kinetic separation mechanism in which the narrow pore window and enlarged F‐rich cavity synergistically generate restricted binding sites, leading to significant selectivity in the competitive adsorption of C 3 H 6 over C 2 H 4 .

ABSTRACT Macroscale superlubricity (µ < 0.01) has attracted extensive interest for minimizing friction and wear; however, oil‐based systems capable of maintaining stable superlubricity under harsh environments remain rare due to creep, leakage, and poor vacuum adaptability. Here, a multidentate hydrogen‐bond‐engineered semisolid lubricant (OA–SP60) is developed through the supramolecular assembly of oleic acid (OA) and sorbitan monostearate (SP60). Cooperative hydrogen‐bonded clustering induces a stabilized semisolid structure, enabling enhanced structural stability, suppressed leakage behavior, and robust interfacial lubrication under both ambient and vacuum environments. OA–SP60 achieves durable macroscale superlubricity at steel/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) interfaces with an ultralow friction coefficient of 0.006, a wear reduction of 95.4% relative to dry sliding, and stable operation exceeding 100 000 cycles. Notably, the superlubric state is fully maintained under high vacuum (∼3 × 10 −3 Pa) with negligible mass loss (0.09%), demonstrating excellent vacuum compatibility. Experimental characterizations combined with theoretical simulations reveal that multidentate hydrogen‐bonded clusters promote persistent interfacial adsorption and structural stabilization, thereby sustaining long‐term superlubricity. In addition, the semisolid architecture effectively suppresses the creep and leakage commonly encountered in conventional liquid lubricants. This work provides a molecular design strategy for semisolid oil‐based superlubricants and offers insights into interfacial lubrication for practical and vacuum tribological systems.

ABSTRACT Magnesium‐ion batteries (MIBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation sustainable energy storage, featuring high theoretical energy density, low cost, and intrinsic safety. However, their practical application is severely limited by a long‐overlooked core bottleneck across non‐aqueous and aqueous electrolytes: Mg anode passivation and parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This review innovatively integrates fragmented research, first systematically summarizing the common bottleneck of passivation/HER across different systems, while highlighting the unique dual synergistic role of Cl − (derived from MgCl 2 and its hydrate MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O): not only mitigating anode passivation via interfacial etching to break through the insulating film barrier but also optimizing solvation structures to fundamentally suppress parasitic reactions. We further emphasize the novel active water regulation strategy for aqueous systems (WIS, PEG‐modified, DESs) as a key breakthrough, outline remaining challenges, and propose a forward‐looking roadmap—offering a unified, innovative perspective to design high‐performance MgCl 2 ‐based electrolytes and expedite MIBs practicalization.

ABSTRACT Hydrogels combining high mechanical performance and excellent electrical conductivity hold great promise in flexible electronics and biomedical engineering, yet achieving a balance between these properties remains challenging. Inspired by plant cell wall architecture, a biomimetic composite hydrogel is constructed via low‐temperature 3D printing based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium lignosulfonate (LS), and TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF), endowing the material with enhanced energy dissipation capability. Built on single‐component hydrogel systems without additional crosslinkers or reinforcing fillers, the hydrogel inherits the advantages of each constituent, while the incorporation of Zn 2+ ions provides ionic conductivity and generates dynamic coordination interactions within the polymer network. The resulting hydrogel exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, including tensile strain exceeding 1600%, tensile strength up to 2.20 MPa, and toughness over 24 MJ·m −3 , as well as high electrical conductivity of up to 2.13 S·m −1 . Furthermore, structural alignment regulation enables differentiated sensitivity, with hydrogel‐based strain sensors achieving maximum gauge factors of 6.99 under tension and 6.53 under compression. Owing to these features, the hydrogel shows great potential for wearable motion sensing and visual feedback, robotic arm control, electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, and electronic skin writing, providing a promising platform for flexible bioelectronic devices and human–machine interfaces.

ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from immune cells represent a novel drug delivery system with inherent anti‐tumor properties. To remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and mediate multimodal therapy, we produced neutrophil nanovesicles at high yield and loaded them with drug (doxorubicin, DOX), near‐infrared region II fluorescent dye (FD1080), and PD‐1 inhibitor (TFA) through a simple extrusion method and further modified them with DSPE‐PEG2000‐cRGD to enhance their tumor‐targeting ability. The RGD‐NNV@FD1080&DOX/TFA exhibited excellent photothermal effect and efficiently suppressed tumor progression in mouse xenograft tumor, PDX, and lung metastasis models. Upon laser irradiation, the RGD‐NNV@FD1080&DOX/TFA elicited the activation of anti‐tumor immunity with increased infiltration of mature dendritic cells (DCs), CD8 + T cells, and decreased infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumors. Single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed that the combination therapy increased the subtype of cytotoxic and memory T cells while decreasing that of exhausted T cells, and re‐polarized M2 TAMs and N2 TANs. The re‐challenge model further confirmed that RGD‐NNV@FD1080&DOX/TFA exerted effective long‐term immune memory in mouse models and displayed excellent biosafety in vivo. Overall, we designed a simple and potentially clinically applicable nanovesicle‐based nanomedicine delivery system that exhibits a highly efficient anti‐tumor effect by remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment and activating anti‐tumor immunity.

ABSTRACT Microbial electrochemical systems (MESs) offer a sustainable platform for energy conversion and biosensing, but their performance is limited by total low extracellular electron transfer (EET) and insufficient electrode interface engineering. Existing studies tend to improve ether the electrochemically active surface area (EASA) of bioelectrodes by conducting coatings or the bio‐electrochemical interfacial electron transfer by redox mediation, but rarely both. To address this limitation, a functionally integrated bioanode was developed by combing a conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer with a ferrocene‐modified linear polyethyleneimine (Fc‐LPEI) redox polymer (RP) on carbon felt. This dual‐layer architecture integrates high conductivity and large EASA with efficient redox mediation. Utilizing Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1, the resulting CF‐PEDOT‐RP electrode achieved a maximum current of 1.8 ± 0.1 mA (720 ± 20 µA cm − 2 ), outperforming electrodes modified with PEDOT alone (224 µA cm − 2 ) or Fc‐LPEI alone (480 µA cm − 2 ), demonstrating clear synergistic enhancement. Electrochemical analysis revealed that PEDOT improves conductivity and promotes bacterial attachment, while Fc‐LPEI facilitates reversible electron transfer at the biointerface. The composite electrode also exhibited improved stability and enabled both bioenergy generation and sensitive biosensing. These results establish a versatile strategy for engineering high‐performance bioelectrodes through functional integration of conductive and redox‐active polymers.

ABSTRACT Geometrical frustration provides a fertile platform for realizing exotic quantum phases such as spin liquids, yet, the predictive identification of frustrated magnets remains limited. Here, we introduce a first‐principles workflow that integrates high‐throughput DFT calculations, magnetic force theory, and spin‐Hamiltonian analysis to systematically search 1 50 000 known and hypothetical compounds for frustrated exchange interactions on kagome and triangular lattices. Our approach reliably recovers established frustrated magnets, validating both the methodology and its physical fidelity. The resulting catalog establishes a discovery map for experimentally relevant kagome and triangular frustrated magnets. Further, it uncovers six previously unexplored candidates–one triangular compound, , and five kagome systems (, , (), and two polymorphs of ). These materials exhibit distinct exchange hierarchies capable of stabilizing unconventional magnetic orders, including cuboctahedral textures, valence‐bond tendencies, and potential spin‐liquid–like behavior. Our results demonstrate a predictive, interpretable route for discovering frustrated quantum materials and offer concrete experimental targets for exploring emergent magnetism.

ABSTRACT All‐perovskite tandem solar cells (APTSCs) emerge as promising low‐cost and high‐efficiency next‐generation photovoltaics. To further increase the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), a deeper understanding and fine‐tuned optimization of the optics is required, since most reports fall below 90% of the theoretical limit in photocurrent. Here, we demonstrate a synergistic multi‐faceted approach to overcome the optical constraints: incorporation of front‐sided nanotextures into APTSCs yields a broadband improvement of light in‐coupling, which eliminates thin‐film interference effects in reflectance, equivalent to a gain of 0.45 mA∙cm −2 in photocurrent. On the material level, parasitic absorption is reduced by optimizing the front ITO layer and replacing PEDOT:PSS for the bottom subcell with a graphene oxide/self‐assembled monolayer (GO/SAM) bilayer, improving the overall current gain to 1 mA∙cm −2 in each subcell. The resulting APTSC achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.98% with a short‐circuit current density ( J SC ) of 17.18 mA∙cm −2 , one of the highest reported values for this technology to date. Through comprehensive optical simulations, we explore the optical potential of APTSCs and further highlight upper limits of the subcell photocurrents in various tandem architectures. This work provides experimental and theoretical insights into optical optimization routes to increase the PCE of APTSCs well beyond 30%.

ABSTRACT The integration of real‐space topological spin textures and momentum‐space topological electronic states within a single system remains challenging. However, the emergence of altermagnetism has changed this. Here, we introduce a symmetry‐locked bilayer altermagnet that concurrently hosts d ‐wave altermagnetism, momentum‐space topology, and stable antiskyrmions. In momentum‐space, it enables strain‐triggered transitions to an antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal phase, where the Néel vector acts as a switch for spin‐layer‐polarized quantum anomalous Hall and Weyl states, alongside coupled topological states and valley polarization effects. In real‐space, the formation of interlayer co‐directional and locked in‐plane Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya interactions facilitates the creation of coupled antiskyrmion pairs with compensated topological charges. This locking symmetry fully cancels the transverse Magnus forces, resulting in current‐driven, strictly longitudinal motion of antiskyrmions without any Hall‐like deflection. Our work establishes a symmetry‐locked bilayer altermagnetic platform for dual‐space topological magnetism and provides a theoretical route to suppressing the antiskyrmion Hall response in charge‐neutral antiskyrmions, opening pathways toward low‐power topological spintronics.

ABSTRACT Reliable perception in complex and dynamically degraded environments remains a central challenge for both biological nervous systems and next‐generation embodied intelligent systems. Biological organisms mitigate uncertainty via complementary bimodal perception, where various sensory modalities jointly sustain adaptive behaviors. Inspired by the star‐nosed mole, we report an artificial visuo‐tactile afferent nerve based on an AgBiS 2 quantum dot (QD)/IGZO heterojunction optoelectronic synaptic transistor. The artificial nerve supports sensory acquisition, neural‐like signal encoding, synaptic modulation, and adaptive actuation within a unified neuromorphic framework. Benefiting from interfacial carrier separation and persistent photoinduced charge dynamics, this synaptic transistor exhibits reconfigurable synaptic plasticity with intrinsically coupled bimodal synaptic modulation. External visuo‐tactile stimuli are first transformed into unified neuromorphic responses and subsequently mapped to threshold‐governed robotic behaviors, including directional motion, turning, and grasping. Device‐informed results demonstrate that device‐enabled bimodal cooperation enhances recognition robustness under degraded perceptual conditions. This work establishes a compact, physically grounded framework integrating bimodal perception and adaptive intelligence, with potential implications for next‐generation bioinspired neuromorphic systems.

ABSTRACT Lead‐free dielectric capacitors require high‐recoverable energy density and thermal stability under low operating fields to prevent premature breakdown. Here, we demonstrate a design strategy for high‐performance lead‐free dielectrics based on two key principles: selecting a highly polarizable ferroelectric matrix and engineering local polar frustration to suppress long‐range order and stabilize an ergodic relaxer state. Using the (0.94Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 ‐0.06BaTiO 3 )–x(0.85NaNbO 3 ‐0.15CaTiO 3 ) (NBT‐BT‐NN‐CT) as an exemplar in this work, structural analyses reveal that NN‐CT incorporation induces a frustrated polar structure characterized by the nanoscale coexistence of rhombohedral, tetragonal, and cubic‐polymorphs. Density functional theory confirms that energetic degeneracy physically prevents the formation of stable macro‐domains. The optimal composition yields wide temperature stability (±15% permittivity up to 370°C), far exceeding the X7R industrial standard, delivering a recoverable energy density of >5 J cm −3 under low field (250 kV cm −1 ) achieving an ultrahigh normalized energy density (W a ) of >0.020 mC cm −2 , 60% improvement over conventional NBT‐based counterparts in the literature (e.g., 0.012–0.015 mC cm −2 ). Furthermore, in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (<160 kV cm −1 ) provides strong crystallographic evidence of this dynamic structural stability, confirming the absence of irreversible field‐induced phase transitions. These results establish polar frustration engineering as a transferable design principle for resilient, high‐performance lead‐free dielectrics.

ABSTRACT HfO 2 ‐based ferroelectrics are essential for the next generation of CMOS‐compatible memory and logic devices, yet their performance is governed by a complex interplay between oxygen vacancies, dopants, and structural defects that remains an active area of investigation. These defects shape the function‐critical dynamic phenomena, such as polar phase stabilization, wake‐up, fatigue, and imprint. In this Perspective, we review the limitations of established high‐resolution structural characterization techniques and propose atom probe tomography (APT) as a powerful tool for the 3D atomic‐scale mapping of all constituent species in hafnia‐based ferroelectric systems. By resolving individual dopants, vacancy clustering, and interfacial segregation, APT can facilitate a quantitative understanding of defect‐property relations in hafnia‐based ferroelectrics. We discuss current experimental challenges for APT application to ferroelectric oxides, demonstrate a proof‐of‐concept of atomic‐scale reconstruction in a hafnia‐based device stack, and highlight the potential of APT to guide the development of ferroelectric structures with enhanced reliability and performance.

ABSTRACT Lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) suffer from severely deteriorated energy output and sluggish kinetics under deep subzero conditions, primarily due to strong Li + ‐solvent shielding interactions and high desolvation barriers in conventional electrolytes. Herein, a solvation deshielding chemistry is proposed to reconstruct the solvation sheath using a moderately coordinating γ ‐valerolactone (GVL)‐based electrolyte system, which effectively weakens Li + ‐solvent interactions, enhances anion accessibility, and accelerates interfacial charge‐transfer kinetics. The engineered electrolyte maintains fast ion‐transport capability across a broad temperature window while inducing the formation of a robust inorganic‐dominated interphase that lowers Li + migration resistance at electrode interfaces. This enables the hard carbon anode to deliver a high capacity of 252 mAh g −1 at −20 °C, outperforming most reported carbon‐based LIC anodes under low‐temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the assembled all‐carbon LIC achieves a high energy density of 121 Wh kg −1 along with a maximum power density of 13.3 kW kg −1 at −20 °C, confirming the simultaneous realization of high energy and high power under subzero conditions. Even at −40 °C, it still delivers a remarkable energy density of 106.8 Wh kg −1 . This work demonstrates that rational deshielding of solvation structure provides a viable pathway to overcome the intrinsic kinetic limitations of LICs under extremely low‐temperature conditions.

ABSTRACT Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are severely limited by nonuniform lithium deposition and unstable interfacial reactions, which lead to poor cycling stability and safety concerns. Regulating ion transport behavior and interfacial stability plays a decisive role in achieving stable LMBs. However, simultaneously optimizing these two aspects remains a considerable challenge. Herein, a Co‐containing covalent organic framework (Co‐COF) was developed as a multifunctional separator modifier to address these challenges. Benefiting from the ordered porous structure and lithiophilic oxygen‐containing groups, the Co‐COF@polypropylene (PP) separator homogenizes Li + flux and facilitates Li + desolvation, thereby accelerating interfacial ion transport kinetics. Meanwhile, the Co active sites moderately anchor PF 6 − anions, increasing the Li + transference number and promoting the formation of a stable LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase with enhanced interfacial stability. As a result, the Co‐COF@PP separator enables uniform lithium deposition, suppresses lithium dendrite growth, and improves the stability of lithium metal anodes. Consequently, Li||Li symmetric cells achieve stable lithium plating/stripping behavior for over 700 h. Furthermore, LiFePO 4 ||Li cells assembled with the Co‐COF@PP separator exhibit superior rate capability and maintain 90.1% capacity retention after 450 cycles at 1 C, significantly outperforming cells with pristine PP separators. This work provides an effective strategy for stable LMBs.

ABSTRACT A major challenge in sustainable room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials lies in simultaneously achieving persistent phosphorescence, mechanical robustness, processability, and recyclability within a fully biomass‐derived platform. Here, we develop fully bio‐based RTP fibers (P‐fibers) exclusively from natural bamboo through the bottom‐up reconstruction of bamboo‐derived cellulose (B‐Cell) and lignin (B‐Lig). B‐Cell and B‐Lig were fractionated, dissolved, and wet‐spun into flexible filaments. The resulting P‐fibers exhibit remarkable tensile strength (141 MPa), tunable diameters, and persistent green RTP with a lifetime of 154.09 ms, originating from B‐Lig chromophores stabilized within the B‐Cell matrix. DFT simulations reveal strong intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions between B‐Cell and B‐Lig, which rigidify the microenvironment and suppress non‐radiative decay. Impressively, utilizing a simple dissolve‐and‐re‐wet‐spinning process, the P‐fibers could be efficiently recovered and reprocessed. Remarkably, the regenerated fibers retained their RTP performance, mechanical robustness, and structural integrity through multiple recycling cycles. P‐fibers demonstrated potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting, surgical sutures, and sensing.

ABSTRACT Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are highly attractive for fast‐charging energy‐storage applications owing to the high ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolytes and the favorable properties of Zn metal anode. However, Zn anodes usually suffer from severe dendritic growth. Artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs) are widely employed to stabilize Zn deposition, yet conventional ASEIs are generally incompatible with high‐rate operation because their tortuous ion‐transport architectures hinder rapid Zn 2+ migration across the interface. Herein, we demonstrate the critical role of architectural tortuosity ( τ ) in governing Zn 2+ transport through ASEIs and propose a general strategy for constructing low‐ τ interphases via the in situ thermal decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ). The resulting low‐ τ architecture dramatically enhances Zn 2+ transport, mitigates concentration polarization, and promotes uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, the protected Zn anode delivers exceptional stability, sustaining over 1000 h at 10 mA cm −2 and stable operation up to 40 mA cm −2 in symmetric cells. Full cells with I 2 cathode retain 93% capacity after 5000 cycles at 5 A g −1 . This work establishes τ reduction as a general principle for designing high‐rate and long‐life aqueous batteries.

ABSTRACT Operating flexible sensors in diverse environments, especially underwater with limited power and communication, remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present a photopatterned tribo‐mechanoluminescent (TML) hydrogel that integrates stress‐induced luminescence and triboelectricity into a single, multifunctional platform. The device is fabricated in one step using a customized photomask, which simultaneously structures the hydrogel electrode and embeds colorful, predefined luminescent patterns. Upon mechanical stimulation, the device generates a synchronous electrical output as a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with an open‐circuit voltage of 82 V, while also providing an instantaneous visual optical response, enabling dual‐mode sensing without an external power supply. We quantitatively investigated the correlation between light emission intensity and applied force, as well as UV exposure conditions. Leveraging these dual outputs, the TML hydrogel achieves excellent performance in multimodal motion monitoring and, more importantly, serves as a self‐powered underwater distress beacon. The visual SOS pattern offers a clear optical signal for rescue identification, while the synchronous electrical pulses can be transmitted to remote receivers via connecting cables. This work provides a new strategy for designing intelligent, self‐powered systems for emergency rescue and human–machine interaction in austere environments.

ABSTRACT Three‐dimensional reconfigurable light‐emitting devices are promising for next‐generation displays, wearable electronics, and interactive optoelectronic systems. However, conventional alternating‐current electroluminescent devices usually rely on multilayer architectures, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve structural simplicity, stable light emission, and programmable shape reconfiguration. Herein, a shape‐memory‐polymer‐based electroluminescent device with 3D reconfigurability is developed. The epoxy/ZnS:Cu composite layer serves simultaneously as the electroluminescent medium and shape‐memory layer, enabling temporary shape fixation and thermally triggered recovery. At 60 wt.% ZnS:Cu, the composite achieves a shape‐fixity ratio of 99.8% and a shape‐recovery ratio of 97.6%. An MXene electrothermal layer provides rapid, controllable Joule heating, enabling electrically triggered reconfiguration without an external heat source. At 3 V and approximately 49 mA, the MXene layer reaches a stable temperature within about 32 s. The device maintains stable electroluminescence in flower‐shaped, butterfly‐shaped, bent, coiled, and fiber‐shaped configurations. After 100 fixation–recovery cycles, the shape‐recovery ratio remains above 93%, confirming good cycling stability. The strategy is further extended to shape‐memory electroluminescent fibers, broadening accessible device geometries and display formats. This work provides a practical route toward structurally simple, electrically reconfigurable, and morphologically programmable light‐emitting devices for adaptive wearable displays, three‐dimensional artistic displays, and fiber‐based optoelectronic platforms.

ABSTRACT Low‑iridium proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis at high current densities faces two critical bottlenecks, namely impaired electron transport within the catalyst layer due to sparse active sites, and severe bubble‑induced mass transport resistance. Here we break this deadlock via a cross‑scale synergy strategy combining a light‑atom electron‑donating effect with macroporous framework interface reconstruction. Introducing trace nitrogen into a three‑dimensional macroporous TiO 2 lattice significantly narrows the band gap, enhances conductivity, lowers oxygen vacancy formation energy, and strengthens interfacial charge transfer to IrO x , thereby overcoming the electronic isolation issue (i.e., the “island effect”). Meanwhile, the macroporous framework together with nitrogen‑enhanced hydrophilicity reconstructs the gas‑liquid interface, enabling rapid vertical bubble detachment as confirmed by volume of fluid (VOF) simulations. IrO x /N‑TiO x catalyst achieves a mass activity of 472.57 A g −1 , about 31 times that of commercial IrO 2 . Benefiting from excellent mass transfer and catalytic activity, a single cell with an ultralow Ir loading of only 0.19 mg cm −2 requires just 2.086 V at 8 A cm −2 and operates stably for over 230 h at 1 A cm −2 . This cross‑scale synergy offers a powerful route to low‑iridium, high‑current‑density PEMWE.

We have measured the absolute doubly differential angular sputtering yield for 20 keV Kr+ impacting a loose Cu powder at an incidence angle of θi = 45°. We find that ion sputtering from a loose Cu powder differs dramatically from a flat Cu slab under the same irradiation conditions, being most pronounced for the angular distribution. The ejecta lobe for the powder is directed primarily backward, relative to the ion velocity vector. This contrasts with the slab, where the lobe is peaked nearly normal to the surface. We attribute the backward-directed ejecta lobe to two effects. First, ions can penetrate through the interconnected voids of the powder and cause sputtering from underlying grains. Atoms sputtered from these underlying grains are most likely to escape the powder if they are ejected roughly toward the origin of the incident ions, while ejecta in other directions are more likely to be shadowed by neighboring grains. Second, for θi = 45°, the grain surfaces exposed to the ions are primarily oriented in the backward direction, leading to shadowing of forward-directed ejecta. We find qualitatively good agreement between our experimental measurements and the results of our multiscale Monte Carlo simulation of sputtering from granular targets. We attribute the remaining discrepancies to ion-induced surface modifications not included in the simulations. Our findings indicate that ion sputtering from loose powders is distinctly different from that of flat surfaces, rough surfaces, and pressed powders due to the lack of interconnected voids in these latter three targets.