Physics

ABSTRACT The large open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) deficit remains a central bottleneck in Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells, originating from the coupled effects of uncontrolled MoSe 2 growth at the rear contact and defect‐mediated non‐radiative recombination in the absorber. Here, we report a defect‐selective back‐contact engineering strategy via a thermally oxidized MnS interlayer that simultaneously regulates interfacial reaction kinetics and defect energetics. The MnS interlayer suppresses excessive MoSe 2 formation and reduces the valence‐band offset from 0.32 to 0.10 eV, thereby promoting hole‐selective transport. Meanwhile, the junction quality is substantially improved, as evidenced by an expanded depletion width (236 to 286 nm), a reduced interfacial defect density (1.31 × 10 15 to 4.60 × 10 14 cm −3 ), and prolonged carrier lifetimes (1.20 to 2.48 and 99 to 208 µs, respectively). First‐principles calculations further reveal that Mn incorporation reconstructs defect formation energetics by suppressing deep Sn Zn antisites while favoring shallow acceptor‐type defects, thus mitigating Shockley–Read–Hall recombination and strengthening p‐type transport. Consequently, a V OC of 550.7 mV and an efficiency of 14.35% are achieved, representing the highest performance reported to date for Mn‐modified CZTSSe solar cells.

Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and high-temperature phosphorescence (HTP) polymer hydrogels hold great photonic applications in 3D printing, bioimaging, etc. Unfortunately, the soft, wet nature of hydrogels fundamentally contradicts the stringent confinement requirements for efficient phosphorescence, making the RTP hydrogels with tens-of-seconds afterglow remain underdeveloped, while there is still no report of HTP hydrogels. Herein, we propose a post-salting-out polymerization strategy to significantly enrich the dynamic crosslinking network for the compact confinement of HOF-protected luminogens, leading to remarkable RTP and especially ultralong HTP of hydrogels. Such dynamic hydrogen bonds-assisted crystallization enhancement synergizes with the orderly HOF structure to significantly restrict molecular vibrations around luminogens and isolate water/oxygen. Consequently, unprecedented RTP lifetime (∼3.3 s) and afterglow (∼45 s) are achieved in hydrogels for the first time. Owing to the good thermo-stability of HOF and crystallization structures, their HTP lifetime and afterglow are still found to be above 1.3 s and 30 s, even at 100°C, despite the fact that the hydrogen bonds between polymers and HOF rosettes are sensitive to high temperature. Multicolor RTP and HTP performances are further demonstrated by either varying the luminogens or doping commercial dyes into the hydrogel matrix. This study opens new avenues for ultralong HTP hydrogels to broaden their applications.

ABSTRACT Er 3+ ‐doped 1540 nm light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are critical components in optical communications C‐band, non‐trunk communication, bioimaging, and sensing. However, integrating high luminous efficiency with tailored circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in such LEDs remains a critical challenge. Here, we demonstrate efficient 1540 nm short‐wave infrared (SWIR) electroluminescence with distinct CPL in Cs 3 ErCl 6 nanocrystals (NCs)‐based LEDs via a synergistic strategy of Sb 3+ /Y 3+ co‐doping and camphor ligand modification. Y 3+ doping modulates lattice symmetry, inducing Stark splitting of the Er 3+ energy level and enhancing luminescence intensity. Sb 3+ introduction triggers efficient self‐trapped excitons emission at 530 nm, whose energy levels match Er 3+ states to boost energy transfer efficiency. Subsequently, camphor ligand exchange passivates Er 3+ ‐related defects, increasing the 1540 nm photoluminescence quantum yield to 35.7% and endowing NCs with CPL (asymmetry factor: −3.67 × 10 −2 ) via camphor's chiral structure. SWIR LEDs based on camphor‐modified Cs 3 Er 0.7 Y 0.3 Cl 6 : Sb 3+ NCs exhibit a record‐high external quantum efficiency of 3.06% at 1540 nm, and first, demonstrate electrically‐driven circularly polarized 1540 nm emission with asymmetry factor of −3.08 × 10 −2 . This work presents a synergistic doping‐ligand strategy for Er‐based halide optoelectronics, offering a versatile platform to develop high‐performance long‐wavelength devices with integrated efficient emission and tailored polarization, crucial for advancing next‐generation optical communication and bioimaging.

ABSTRACT Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) stands as a pivotal determinant of battery performance, governing ion transport and storage behavior, yet precise control over its thickness remains a formidable challenge. Here, we construct a 1 nm‐level SEI on coal‐based hard carbon through developing a synergistic regulation strategy toward surface chemistry and microstructure. Oxygen‐lean surface chemistry and typical micropore structure are created via phosphate‐directed oxygen and carbon etching in a confined microenvironment established by pitch light component surface coating. The surface oxygen content is remarkably reduced from 6.80 to 1.73 at.%, while the pore volume is enlarged by four times. The surface chemistry and structure properties of hard carbon contribute to the construction of 1 nm‐level SEI featured by an organic outer layer and an inner layer rich in Na 2 O and Na 2 CO 3 , which represents the lowest value in current hard carbon anodes of sodium‐ion batteries. Consequently, the as‐designed coal‐based hard carbon achieves superior initial coulombic efficiency (92.18%), reversible capacity (363 mAh g −1 ) and rate capability (231.2 mAh g −1 at 3 A g −1 ). This study provides a new material design approach to precise SEI thickness control, promising to inspire extensive research across diverse battery chemistries.

While advances have been made in mechano-active and gecko-inspired wound dressings, achieving dynamically coordinated adhesion-contraction coupling within a single-material, stimulus-free system with quantitatively programmable contractile output remains an unmet challenge. Here, we engineer bioinspired mechano-intelligent Janus bandages (MIBs) with dynamically coordinated adhesion-contraction for effective wound healing. The MIBs are fabricated through micromolding of poly(lactide-co-propylene glycol-co-lactide) dimethacrylates (PmLnD), featuring an interior surface with a gecko-mimicking wedged structure. Upon application, the MIBs recapitulate the gecko locomotion principle to achieve precise control of contractile forces with dynamically coordinated adhesion-contraction. The simply pre-strained MIB can precisely program its intrinsic contractile force, while adhesion strength proportionally responds to the contractile force through enhanced van der Waals interactions and interfacial friction. This coordinated mechanism promotes healing in rat and porcine full-thickness skin defect models by accelerating re-epithelialization and enhancing angiogenesis. Mechanistically, the MIBs reduce focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression, thereby regulating downstream pathways related to wound healing progression, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Wnt, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathways, enabling scar-attenuated wound healing. We envision that this Janus design, which integrates strain-programmable contraction with reversible gecko-inspired adhesion, offers a useful addition to current mechanobiological strategies for wound management and soft tissue repair.

The chemical upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) presents a critical pathway toward a circular plastics economy, yet existing methods are often hampered by high energy demands and downcycled products. Herein, we report a catalyst- and solvent-free aminolysis strategy that depolymerizes waste PET into a versatile molecular precursor under mild conditions. This precursor is subsequently engineered into a series of low-molecular-weight ionic adhesives via strategic functionalization and supramolecular assembly. By leveraging a rich network of noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces, these materials achieve remarkable cohesion and interfacial adhesion. An alkoxy-functionalized variant demonstrated an adhesion strength of 12.4 MPa on glass, ranking among the strongest small molecular-based supramolecular adhesives reported. This work establishes a sustainable paradigm for converting waste polyester into value-added functional materials, bridging the gap between plastic pollution and high-value manufacturing, promotes the circular economy.

ABSTRACT Quantum‐dot (QD) color‐conversion technology is considered a promising strategy for constructing a full‐color micro‐LED display. Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are the preferred luminescent materials for constructing color‐conversion micro‐LED pixels, but their poor environmental stability severely limits their practical application in micro‐LED displays. Here, we design a novel submicron‐sized PQD glass microspheres (PQDGMS) with high quantum yield and excellent stability for color conversion micro‐LED displays. Kilogram scale (batch 2 kg) submicron‐sized PQDGMS was prepared by a top‐down strategy including melt‐quenching, secondary recrystallization, and optimized submicronization processes. Ultra‐stability of the PQDGMS was attributed to the passivation and self‐healing effects of PQDs by AgBr additive, and the protection effect of the glass matrix around PQDs. The prepared PQDGMS has excellent environmental stability, with PL intensity maintained over 95% after immersion in water for 10 000 h, over 82% at a temperature of 100°C, and over 86% under continuous blue light irradiation (800 W m −2 ) for 240 h. We prepared the PQDGMS color conversion pixels in a patterned through‐hole glass substrate via capillary filling assistance and constructed color conversion green and red micro‐LED chips with external quantum efficiency of 24.8% and 16.7%, respectively.

ABSTRACT The superconducting diode effect has recently received considerable attention in condensed matter physics as a sensitive probe of symmetry‐broken and unconventional superconducting states. Here, we explore the superconducting diode effect in lateral Nb‐proximitized Josephson junctions composed of WTe 2 and antiferromagnetic insulating α‐Fe 2 O 3 , a heterostructure that exhibits both pronounced Rashba spin‐orbit coupling and a small net magnetization. We observe a robust and nonvolatile Josephson diode response, where the diode polarity can be initialized through pre‐training with both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane magnetic fields. Moreover, we uncover a thermal‐driven polarity switching, in which the diode polarity is reversed by heating above the superconducting transition and cooling back into the superconducting state, indicating a deterministic transition between competing superconducting states. Our theoretical calculations substantiate that these behaviors can be attributed to the formation of distinct helical superconducting states associated with opposite‐directed center‐of‐mass momenta. These findings establish the Josephson diode effect as a powerful probe of competing superconducting states in systems with broken inversion and time‐reversal symmetries, providing insight into the interplay between spin–orbit coupling, magnetism, and unconventional superconductivity.

ABSTRACT Omnidirectional X‐ray detection is important for applications such as high‐energy astrophysics and environmental safety monitoring. However, conventional approaches to omnidirectional X‐ray detection, based on solid‐state flat‐panel detectors or gas/liquid‐state spherical detectors, are often hindered by fabrication complexity, insufficient omnidirectional response, or limited portability. Herein, we present a portable solid‐state omnidirectional X‐ray detector (ODXD) based on a spherical glass scintillator composed of (CPTP) 2 MnBr 4 (CPTP = cyclopropyltriphenylphosphine). From a crystallographic perspective, the cyclopropyl group in triphenylphosphine cation plays a critical role in modulating the phase transition of (CPTP) 2 MnBr 4 . This molecular design not only lowers melting temperature (170°C), enabling device fabrication via a low‐temperature melt‐quenching process, but also provides a sufficiently high glass transition temperature (61°C) to ensure operational stability. From a device perspective, the ODXD based on spherical (CPTP) 2 MnBr 4 glass offers excellent omnidirectionality and registers an X‐ray response limit of 0.49 µGy air s −1 , which is 11‐fold lower than the regular medical diagnostic dose rate (5.5 µGy air s −1 ), demonstrating exceptional capabilities for monitoring omnidirectional X‐ray sources with high sensitivity. Given the high processability of organic‐inorganic glasses and the simplicity of their fabrication, our findings provide a viable solution for constructing portable omnidirectional optical detectors toward advanced sensing and photonic applications.

ABSTRACT The boundaries between two different crystal phases contain atoms with unique electronic structures and coordination numbers that can significantly influence catalytic performance. Cobalt phosphide adopts Co 2 P and CoP crystal phases, and both are active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which offers the opportunity to improve catalytic activity through the creation of phase boundaries. Here we show that mixed‐phase Co 2 P‐CoP branched nanoparticles enriched with boundaries between the Co 2 P and CoP phases can be synthesized by controlled phosphidation of Co branched nanoparticles. We found that the slow transformation from Co 2 P to CoP is key to achieving Co 2 P‐CoP phase boundaries. These nanoparticles exhibit excellent OER performance with an overpotential of 240 mV that is 81 mV lower than that of a commercial RuO 2 standard, and is >3.5 times more active than the Co 2 P and CoP pure‐phase counterparts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that there is a partially positive charge stabilized on the Co atoms at the crystal phase boundaries that leads to enhanced OER activity. These results highlight the effectiveness of utilizing crystal phase boundaries in nanomaterials as a strategy for enhancing catalytic performance.

ABSTRACT Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) offer lightweight, high‐efficiency, flexibility, residual stress from substrate‐perovskite thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) /lattice mismatch drives grain‐boundary cracking, defect rise, and delamination, limiting stability and efficiency gains. Substrates with a low CTE limit the lattice contraction of perovskites during the cooling process, which leads to the generation of tensile strain. In this paper, a strategy for regulating the CTE was developed by adding potassium pyrophosphate (KPP) to perovskite precursors. The P─O bonds in KPP not only form coordination bonds with Pb 2+ , but also form hydrogen bonds with FA + , reducing the defect state density and improving the stability of the device. More importantly, KPP with the characteristic of “thermal contraction and cold expansion” can significantly relieve the residual stress in the perovskite thin film. After 100 thermal cycles between 25°C and 100°C, its thermal cycling stability remains at 90%, while that of the control group is only 70.9%. Therefore, the optimized FPSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.41%. In addition, unpackaged devices exhibit mechanical robustness at T 92 > 10 ,000 bending cycles (with a bending radius of 5 mm), operational stability at T 91 >1000 h.

ABSTRACT This study outlines a closed‐loop manufacturing process for cellulosic fibers designed to meet the textile industry's urgent demand for eco‐friendly, cost‐effective solvents, circular‐design principles, and superior material performance. The process utilizes a deep eutectic solvent composed of calcium chloride, formic acid, and water, which effectively facilitates cellulose dissolution and partial esterification. Followed by dry‐jet wet spinning and ethanol‐induced coagulation, the initially disordered cellulose chains are reorganized into an ordered, compact fibrillar structure. The resulting fibers showcase a relative crystallinity of 63.9%, tensile strength of 222 MPa, elongation exceeding 20%, and thermal stability above 180°C. Furthermore, they possess textile‐relevant properties including thermal conductivity of 0.064 W·m −1 ·K −1 , moisture regain of 12.4%, and luster comparable to cuprammonium rayon. Significantly, the process allows for the concurrent recovery of both the solvent and coagulant, maintains fiber reusability, and minimizes waste and costs. The life‐cycle assessment indicates that this approach significantly reduces the carbon footprint and resource depletion compared to conventional rayon production. These findings establish a cost‐effective, eco‐friendly alternative to current solvent systems, addressing both environmental and industrial needs.

To enhance the wear resistance and friction-reducing performance of 6061 aluminum alloy, a microarc oxidation/diamondlike carbon (MAO/DLC) composite coating was fabricated via a two-stage MAO process followed by unbalanced magnetron sputtering of a Cr interlayer and a W-doped DLC top layer. The two-stage MAO underlayer (∼46 μm) exhibits a dense inner layer and a porous outer layer, providing robust mechanical support and abundant anchoring sites for the DLC top layer. The deposited W-DLC layer reduces the surface porosity from 13.1% to 2.4% and the surface roughness (Ra) from 2.56 to 0.47 μm. The MAO/DLC composite coating achieves a nanohardness of 1668 HV, significantly higher than the single MAO (1464 HV) and single DLC (1263 HV) coatings, and a critical scratch load (Lc1) of 16.4 N, representing a nearly sixfold enhancement over the single DLC coating (2.8 N). Under dry sliding conditions, the composite coating exhibits an average stable friction coefficient of 0.075, which is 79% lower than that of the single MAO coating (0.35), with a wear track width of only 312 μm after 420 min of sliding. In 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution, the corrosion potential shifts positively from −1080.9 to +148.9 mV, and the corrosion current density is reduced to 1.72 × 10−9 A cm−2, nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the bare substrate. This synergistic combination of the load-bearing MAO underlayer and the lubricious DLC top layer provides a promising surface modification strategy for aluminum alloys subjected to high-wear and corrosive environments.

An evaluation of the environmental impact of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of the hard coating material titanium nitride (TiN) using life cycle assessment (LCA) is presented. The use of electricity and TiCl4 is identified as the two main environmental hotspots that should be in focus when improving the process to become more environmentally sustainable. We show the high impact of the energy mix on the sustainability of the CVD process and a higher sustainability for a process using NH3 than for a process using N2. The latter can be explained by a much more efficient deposition chemistry. We point to challenges in LCA of CVD, such as which impact category should be the target, and how this can affect the design and development, a lack of representative data, and a need to widen the system perspective to include the relevant product systems. We foresee that this type of LCA of CVD can serve as a guide on how to design more sustainable CVD processes and reactors.

We report the molecular beam epitaxial growth conditions to realize coherently strained nitrogen-polar gallium nitride quantum wells on single-crystal bulk aluminum nitride substrates. The structural, optical, and electronic properties of these binary N-polar GaN/AlN heterostructures are discussed. The sharpness of the GaN/AlN interface and the preservation of the polarity across the heterojunction is studied by electron microscopy. Photoluminescence measurements reveal two peaks: one at ∼3.6 eV corresponding to a GaN layer under compressive strain that produces a blue shift and the other at ∼6.0 eV from the epitaxial AlN buffer layer. A high-density polarization-induced 2D electron gas is formed in the ultrathin N-polar GaN quantum well, whose transport properties are measured to cryogenic temperatures.

We present results for the phase diagram of the parent compound LaCrAsO under electron doping using the matrix random-phase approximation. At low doping levels, the system stabilizes an antiferromagnetic state in which different Cr sublattices carry opposite spins, consistent with experimental observations. As the doping concentration increases, a stripe-type antiferromagnetic phase becomes favored. At even higher doping, the system repeats the two former magnetic states, but with incommensurate magnetic ordering vectors. The commensurate magnetic phases are associated with more localized electrons in the Cr d 3 z 2 − r 2 orbital, whereas the incommensurate phases are linked to the d x y orbital, whose stronger overlap favors itinerant-electron magnetism. • Electron doping in LaCrAsO induces a sequence of magnetic orders tied to Fermi surface changes. • Dominant orbitals for magnetism shift from localized d 3 z 2 − r 2 at low doping to itinerant d x 2 − y 2 . • Magnetic wavectors evolve sharply with doping via Lifshitz transitions. • With doping, magnetic phases change from antiferromagnetism to stripe and spin-density-wave orders.

Local atomic and electronic structures of the ${\mathrm{YbB}}_{12}$(001) surfaces are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at low temperatures for revealing the hybridized surface electronic states. The surface was prepared by annealing in an ultrahigh vacuum at $1200{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$ for one hour. The annealing process preferentially removed the surface Yb atoms, and the surface exhibits a homogeneous $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$) structure. On the inhomogeneous surface prepared by $1400{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$ annealing for several seconds, there are three types of local $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$) structures. The local tunneling spectra at 5 K near the Fermi energy on the surfaces exhibit characteristic features consisting of a co-tunneling lineshape due to the Kondo lattice formation and an additional central peak. On the homogeneous surface, the shape of the central peak depends on the tip-surface distance, suggesting the $f\ensuremath{-}d$ hybridized nature of the surface electronic states.

The metallic oxide <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <a:msub> <a:mi>RuO</a:mi> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:msub> </a:math> hosts a fascinating edge case of magnetism: while nonmagnetic in ideal bulk material, density functional theory (DFT) predicts an altermagnetic ground state within the <b:math xmlns:b="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <b:mrow> <b:mi>DFT</b:mi> <b:mo>+</b:mo> <b:mi>U</b:mi> </b:mrow> </b:math> method. The magnetic state of strained or doped thin films remains controversial, but evidence for a nontrivial magnetic state is ample. Here, I study the altermagnetic ground state of <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <c:msub> <c:mi>RuO</c:mi> <c:mn>2</c:mn> </c:msub> </c:math> on a higher rung of Jacob's ladder of density functional approximations, the meta-GGA level including the kinetic energy density and the density Laplacian. While the workhorse functional of solid-state physics is a generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the modern <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <d:mrow> <d:msup> <d:mrow> <d:mi mathvariant="normal">r</d:mi> </d:mrow> <d:mn>2</d:mn> </d:msup> <d:mtext>SCAN-L</d:mtext> </d:mrow> </d:math> functional has been established as a general-purpose functional which can replace GGA, while systematically improving solid-state properties without introducing spurious errors like erroneous magnetic ground states. Comparison of local spin-density approximation <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <f:mrow> <f:mo>(</f:mo> <f:mi>LSDA</f:mi> <f:mo>)</f:mo> <f:mo>+</f:mo> <f:mi>U</f:mi> </f:mrow> <f:mo>,</f:mo> <f:mo> </f:mo> <f:mrow> <f:mi>GGA</f:mi> <f:mo>+</f:mo> <f:mi>U</f:mi> </f:mrow> </f:math> , and meta- <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <g:mrow> <g:mi>GGA</g:mi> <g:mo>+</g:mo> <g:mi>U</g:mi> </g:mrow> </g:math> results on <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <h:msub> <h:mi>RuO</h:mi> <h:mn>2</h:mn> </h:msub> </h:math> shows systematic enhancement of the exchange interaction, leading to a reduction of the onset value of the Hubbard <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <i:mi>U</i:mi> </i:math> parameter at different levels of density functional approximation. However, the magnetic ground state, studied at the experimental lattice constants, remains nonmagnetic with <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <j:mrow> <j:msup> <j:mrow> <j:mi mathvariant="normal">r</j:mi> </j:mrow> <j:mn>2</j:mn> </j:msup> <j:mtext>SCAN-L</j:mtext> </j:mrow> </j:math> . I demonstrate that altermagnetism is easily formed upon lattice expansion, hole doping, and uniaxial strain on the <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <l:mi>c</l:mi> </l:math> axis. The <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mrow> <m:mi mathvariant="normal">r</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msup> <m:mtext>SCAN-L</m:mtext> </m:mrow> </m:math> calculations set conservative thresholds for distortions and doping levels for the onset of altermagnetism in a parameter-free framework.

Avalanchelike plastic bursts in crystalline materials follow power-law statistics, but the scaling exponents and cutoff parameters vary widely in the literature ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$ ranging from 1 to 2.2), hindering predictive modeling. Since distributions do not follow Gaussian behavior, the average of plastic kinetics is not correctly defined. Larger-scale models that rely on average behavior are therefore fundamentally flawed. We performed extensive three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations of fcc Cu deformation across three orders of magnitude in dislocation density ($\ensuremath{\rho}=5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\text{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) under constant strain rates. Our results demonstrate that the power-law exponent ($\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$) is invariant to both dislocation density and loading direction, resolving previous inconsistencies. However, dislocation density strongly controls the power-law truncation scaling ($\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{max}}\ensuremath{\propto}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}b/\sqrt{\ensuremath{\rho}}$) and the distribution of avalanche-triggering stresses. We quantify correlations between slip system activities and show how individual system contributions evolve with avalanche size. These findings reconcile experimental scatter in avalanche statistics and provide quantitative scaling laws for mesoscale-to-continuum plasticity models.